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SUBSTANCE ABUSE

SUBSTANCE ABUSE. Addiction. REASONS WHY TEENS USE SUBSTANCES. Addiction. : condition in which a person can no longer control his or her drug use Develop a physical need for the drug Brain Brain reward good behavior Neurotransmitters release of dopamine

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SUBSTANCE ABUSE

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  1. SUBSTANCE ABUSE

  2. Addiction

  3. REASONS WHY TEENS USE SUBSTANCES

  4. Addiction : condition in which a person can no longer control his or her drug use Develop a physical need for the drug Brain Brain reward good behavior Neurotransmitters release of dopamine Dopamine lets us feel pleasure Drugs will the brain into thinking this is a good thing for the body

  5. Path to Addiction Use of a drug Drug use produces in the brain Teens brains – more vulnerable, brains are still developing Tolerance : condition in which a user needs more of a drug to get the same effect

  6. Path to Addiction cont. Dependence : condition in which the body relies on a given drug in order to function : state of emotionally or physically needing a drug in order to function Addiction Lose control of Learns how to use drugs to deal with emotional problems Lie, steal, distrustful, paranoid

  7. Path to Addiction cont. Withdrawal : uncomfortable physical and psychological symptoms produced when a physically dependent drug user stops using drugs Symptoms are the of the drug’s effects Addict feels normal only when the drug is in the body

  8. No one starts using drugs to become an addict, but every addict starts as someone experimenting with drugs. Drug use activates The brain reward System (pleasure System) The drug user needs More of the drug To produce the Same effect The drug user experiences Uncomfortable withdrawal Symptoms if he or she tries To stop using the drug The drug user has Lost control of his Or her drug-taking Habit

  9. Addiction is a treatable disease Fighting addiction is Treatment programs Getting off the drug Counseling to understand the addiction & cope with life Earlier the treatment the

  10. COST OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE

  11. NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES GREATLY OUTWEIGH ANY IMAGINED BENEFITS

  12. Tobacco

  13. WHAT IS IN CIGARETTES? • Each puff – 43 chemicals known to cause cancer • : cancer-causing substances • – poisonous, colorless liquid with a bitter-almond odor; blocks the ability to body cells to use oxygen • – used as a disinfectant, insecticide, fungicide, and deodorant • – extremely poisonous semi metallic element used commercially in manufacturing of glass

  14. WHAT IS IN CIGARETTES? CONT. • : addictive drug in cigarettes • : a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, heart, and other organs • : a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns • : colorless, poisonous gas in cigarette smoke that passes through the lungs into the blood

  15. OTHER FORMS OF TOBACCO • : tobacco that is sniffed through the nose or chewed • Smoking • Inhale less smoke but more likely to develop cancer because more tar and other chemicals • Specialty cigarettes • Made with strong tobacco and contain spices that make them taste and smell sweet • Contain more cancer-causing tars

  16. DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • – destruction of the tiny air sacs, less surface area, more breaths than before

  17. Diseases of the respiratory system cont. • – bronchi irritated by smoke, cilia are destroyed and extra mucus present, develop cough, cancerous cells grow in these conditions, block the bronchi, and move into the lungs

  18. Disease of the circulatory system • the blood vessels, build up of plaque in the blood vessels • Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the arteries • Raises • Increase stroke

  19. DANGERS OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO • Spit, tar, and other chemicals can be • Tooth decay & discolored teeth • Gums pulled away • Bad breath • Decrease ability to

  20. Dangers of smokeless tobacco cont. • : thickened white, leathery-appearing spots on the inside of a smokeless tobacco user’s mouth that can develop into cancer • : lip, mouth, or throat

  21. SECONDHAND SMOKE • : cigarette, cigar, or pipe smoke inhaled by nonsmokers – smoke that remains in a closed environment after the smoker is through smoking • Eye irritation, headache, coughing, ear infections, asthma attacks, respiratory problems, heart and lung diseases • : smoke that a smoker blows off • : smoke that comes from burning tobacco

  22. RIGHTS OF THE NONSMOKER • nonsmokers report they are bothered by smoke but only will ask someone to stop • Smokers need to take responsibility of their smoke

  23. WHAT CAN BE DONE TO WORK TOWARD A SMOKE-FREE SOCIETY

  24. Alcohol

  25. WHAT IS ALCOHOL? • : the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages • Made synthetically or fermentation • : chemical action of yeast on sugars • Fruits, vegetables, or grains • Beers, wines, or liquors (whiskey, gin, and vodka) • At first alcohol may give a certain energy or “ ”

  26. WHAT IS ALCOHOL? CONT. • Soon followed by – causing the central nervous system to slow down • : physical and mental impairment resulting from the use of alcohol – inability to walk or unconsciousness • The amount of alcohol varies between people

  27. 4 oz of wine 2 oz of liquor 12 oz beer EQUAL AMOUNTS OF ALCOHOL

  28. WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODYSHORT-TERM EFFECTS • – depresses the activity, slowing down the work of the central nervous system • Decision making can be badly affected • – oxidation – changes alcohol to water, carbon dioxide, and energy • 1/3 to ½ an ounce per hour • – dilate or widen, increase blood flow (making the skin feel flush and warm), body temperature actually decreases

  29. WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODYSHORT-TERM EFFECTS CONT. • - increase heart rate and increase blood pressure, can lead to arrhythmias, abnormal heartbeat, heart attack, and stroke • – affects the pituitary gland which affects the kidney to produce more urine (why the person feels dehydrated) • – molecule are very small so they do not need to be digested, immediate absorption, the more alcohol the more gastric juices

  30. WHAT ALCOHOL DOES TO THE BODYLONG-TERM EFFECTS • Alcohol robs the body of its ability to absorb key nutrients and long-term overuse may lead to • Vitamin deficiencies • Stomach and skin problems • Liver problems • Loss of appetite • Brain • Decrease brain size • Intellectual abilities • Memory • Problem solving

  31. DUI OR DWI • Driving Under the Influence (DUI) or Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) • : the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood expressed as a percentage • Percentage varies • Factors – gender, weight, metabolism, amount of alcohol, whether food is present, time between drinks, and time of last drink

  32. DUI OR DWI CONT. • Drivers ability • Reduces the ability • Distance, speed, and turns • Accurately ones own capabilities and limitations • Concentrate • Increase the tendency to • Slows reflexes • Adds to to take precautions such as using signals when turning

  33. DUI OR DWI CONT. • Consequences of DUI • 11 teens killed over 350 injured each day • Harmful for • of crashes which passenger dies occur because of DWI • Confiscation of license, jail, court, fine, higher insurance, possible lawsuit

  34. THE MULTIPLIER EFFECT • – occurs when 2 or more medicines are taken simultaneously • Alcohol combined with other drugs or medicines produces an interaction known as the multiplier effect • Many

  35. PATTERNS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE • : periodic excessive drinking • Popular with high school and college students • : dangerous toxic condition that occurs when a person drinks a large amount of alcohol • 4 times a legal limit

  36. ALCOHOLISM • : physical and psychological dependence on the drug ethanol - it is disease • Stage 1 - • Drinking becomes necessary to manage stress • Drink and become intoxicated regularly • Drinker makes excuses and tries to rationalize his or her behaviors

  37. ALCOHOLISM CONT. • Stage 2 - • Physical dependence • Drink alone, drink everyday, craving for alcohol • Defensive behavior - deny that there is a problem • Stage 3 - • Problem no longer can be denied • Malnutrition • Person falls apart physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially • Reverse tolerance - takes less alcohol • (DTs): dramatic physical and psychological effects of alcohol withdrawal • Hot and cold flashes, severe tremors, nightmares, hallucinations, fear of people and animals - need prompt medical attention

  38. CHOOSING TO BE ALCOHOL-FREE • Saying no to alcohol • Practice • Keep it brief, polite, confident, and to the point

  39. Drugs

  40. SUBSTANCE ABUSE • : any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substance for nonmedical purposes • : street drugs, these substances are against the law for people of any age to manufacture, possess, buy, or sell • Some occur naturally • : chemical substances produced artificially in a laboratory

  41. SUBSTANCE ABUSE CONT. • : the use or sale of any substances that are illegal or other wise not permitted • Includes selling of prescription drugs on the street • : drugs that often lead to other serious and dangerous drug use • Alcohol and nicotine

  42. DANGERS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE • Side effects - • : strong or even fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug • No control or means of monitoring drugs for quality, purity, or strength

  43. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS • Stimulants • Depressants • Narcotics • Hallucinogens

  44. STIMULANTS • : drugs that speed up the central nervous system • Cause increased heart and respiratory rates, high blood pressure, dilated pupils, and decreased appetite • Experience sweating, headaches, blurred vision, dizziness, and sleeplessness • Inhalation or injection - increase blood pressure, stroke, high fever, or heart failure • Moodiness, restlessness, and anxiety • Chronic users - hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia • : irrational suspiciousness or distrust of others

  45. STIMULANTS CONT. • Stay awake, alert, lose weight, offset the effects of depressant drugs, and temporary high • : a feeling of tense well being or elation that maybe followed by a complete “crash” or meltdown • - crank, speed, ice, meth • Suppressed appetite, interference with sleeping behaviors, mood swings, unpredictability, tremors & convulsions • Very quick addiction and the effects to the body are dramatic

  46. METH PICTURES • http://www.drugfree.org/Portal/DrugIssue/MethResources/faces/index.html

  47. STIMULANTS CONT. • White powder from the coca bush (South America) • Regular use - depression, edginess, weight loss, physiological dependence • Nasal damage, holes in the septum • Crack - smokeable form of cocaine • Extremely addictive - effects are felt within seconds

  48. DEPRESSANTS • : drugs that tend to slow down the central nervous system • Relax muscles, relieve feelings of tension and worry, bring on sleep • Slows down heart and breathing rate, reduced blood pressure • Sedative hypnotic drugs (induce sleepiness) • Feeling similar to that of intoxication and counteracts the effects of stimulants

  49. DEPRESSANTS CONT. • Reduce muscular activity, coordination, and attention span • Some medical uses • Originally prescribed to reduce anxiety and to help with insomnia • Temporary euphoria • Effects - rapid dependence, headache, diarrhea, dizziness, convulsions, and coma • People die by combining this depressant with alcohol

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