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NU POWER

Small Wind Powered Generator Design. NU POWER. Capstone Design Northeastern University December 4, 2007. Brian Klimm Peter Ozols Tapan Patel Jeffrey Walsh Daniel West. Problem Statement. Design a wind powered system that will provide an energy source to an off the grid location

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NU POWER

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  1. Small Wind Powered Generator Design NUPOWER Capstone Design Northeastern University December 4, 2007 Brian Klimm Peter Ozols Tapan Patel Jeffrey Walsh Daniel West

  2. Problem Statement • Design a wind powered system that will provide an energy source to an off the grid location • Design an innovative system that incorporates power storage through a battery backup system providing 3 days of continuous use without recharging

  3. Economics Pros Eliminates utility bills Majority of cost is upfront in materials and construction Aboveground electric cables can be as much as $10 per ft Cons Financial and land costs limit the market NIMBY, aesthetics play a factor Reason for Design Desire to reduce one’s carbon footprint 1kWh produced by wind turbine = 3.41 ft3 of natural gas or 0.0034 gal of oil Reduce or eliminate reliance on the power grid Background: Product Niche & Economics

  4. 10 kW 10 kW 50 kW 3 kW 400 W Background:Market Options • Small Wind Turbines range from 20 W to 100 kW • Southwest Windpower • SkyStream 3.7 • Air Breeze • Air-X • Whisper 100 & 200 • Bergey

  5. Key Factors Average wind speeds Local regulations Proximity to Northeastern Narrowed to Nantucket, Cape Cod and NUHOC Lodge Nantucket was the only site that fit the 3 criterion Laws & Regulations Zoning laws must be analyzed on a case-to-case basis Nantucket, MA 60 ft tower height limit Guy wires may be no closer than 15 ft from property line Noise limitations Fence around tower Drawing package must be submitted to Town Council Selecting a Feasible Site

  6. Wind Power & Energy:Small Cabin Layout

  7. Wind Power & Energy:Power Estimates for Cabin Layout

  8. Wind Power & Energy:Estimated Output AEO = Annual Energy Output P/A = Power Density P = Power in Wind A = Swept Area % Efficiency = Betz Limit and Turbine Components = 30% V = Velocity in mph EPF = Energy Pattern Factor of 1.91 for a Rayleigh Distribution of wind speeds Power Density Based on Sea Level Conditions Swept Area r = length of a single blade

  9. Wind Power & Energy:Estimated Wind Energy Output Annual Annual Overall Power Annual Average Energy Energy Conversion Design Site Density Wind Speed Density Output Effciency W/m mph 2 2 kWh/m % kWh/m Nantucket, MA 15.00 352.73 2213.59 0.30 3314.02 2 Assumptions: • Temperature 15 C (59 F) • Air density 1.225 kg/m3 • Sea level pressure 29.92 in Hg • Energy Pattern Factor 1.91 • Swept Area 3.58 (m2) • Blade Length 1.0668 (m)

  10. Wind Power & Energy:Energy Output With Varied Blade Length

  11. Wind System Components:Alternator • Two commonly used options for wind powered generation • Induction Motor • Permanent Magnet Alternator • Induction Motors need to be connected to the grid and require energy to start • PMA requires no connection or power to start

  12. Wind System Components:Rotor Blades • More blades, more torque, slower speed • Less blades, higher speeds, but reduced torque requiring higher winds • Three blade design is most commonly used • Offers best balance between start up speed and rotational speed.

  13. Wind System Components:Rotor Blades • Airfoil Design • Better performance • Higher price • Drag Design • Easy to manufacture • Low price

  14. Wind System Components:Rotor Blades • Utilizes 3 blade design • 7ft rotor diameter • TLG Wind Power • 6061 T6 Aluminum rolled sheet metal

  15. Wind System Components:Power Output • At Nantucket’s average wind speed of 15 mph, the blades spin at 500 RPM • At 500 RPM, the PMA produces 41 Volts at 9 Amps • The resulting power is 369 Watts and 265 kWh per month

  16. 3 phase AC WIND RECTIFIER GENERATOR DC VARIABLE SPEED CHARGE CONTROLLER DIVERSION LOAD BATTERIES AC LOADS (120 VAC 60Hz) INVERTER Off-the-Grid System

  17. Wind System Components:Electrical System Diagram • Electrical Power conversion and management components: • Southwest Windpower Charge Controller • Outback FX3048T Inverter

  18. Wind System Components:Power Storage Configuration • 48V 516Ah system • 8x 12V 258Ah Concorde PVX-2580L AGM lead acid batteries

  19. Wind System Components:Proof of Concept Electrical Configuration

  20. Wind System Components:Support Tower • Height • Strength • Cost • Footprint Guyed Tower Lattice Tower Monopole Tower

  21. Wind System Components:Support Tower • Southwest Windpower Air-X 45 Foot Tower • Includes all hardware excluding tubing and anchors • $210 for the kit, $2000 for the tubing and anchors • Instruction manual included

  22. Conceptual Design Model

  23. Proof of Concept Model

  24. Proof of Concept Model

  25. Questions?

  26. Actual Cost

  27. Prototype Cost

  28. Background:Patent Search • One of the first patents filed for a wind powered generator was in 1891 • The system utilized a tail vane to direct the rotor into the wind and also a secondary battery to store the generated electricity

  29. Nantucket Satellite Image

  30. Structural Analysis

  31. Structural Analysis

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