Female Reproductive System

1. NAME AS MANY PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AS YOU CAN Female Reproductive System

2. Functions of the FRS • Release an egg every month • Provide a space for fertilization • Provide shelter and nourishment to the fetus • Produce estrogen and progesterone

3. Structures & Functions of the FRS • Mons Pubis • Labia • Clitoris • Urethra • Vagina • Vulva

4. Mons Pubis • Mound of fat covering the pubic bone

5. Labia • Large (outer) and small (inner) folds of skin in between the upper thighs

6. Clitoris • Small round piece of skin found between the upper thighs • Made up of erectile tissue; source of sexual arousal

7. Urethra • Small hole found below the clitoris • Excretion of urine is its only function

8. Vagina • Muscular tube that connects the outside of the body to the inside • AKA – birth canal • Organ of sexual intercourse and birth

9. Vulva • Collectively the five previous external structures

10. Internal Structures & Functions of the FRS • Ovaries • Fimbria • Fallopian tubes • Uterus • Uterine lining • Cervix

11. Ovaries • Two almond shape organs found in the lower abdomen • 2 main functions * release an egg (female sex cell) * produce estrogen and progesterone

12. Fimbria • Finger like projections that surround the ovaries • They are the beginning of the fallopian tubes • Their movement cause the egg to enter the tubes

13. Fallopian Tubes • Tubes connect to the uterus • Place of FERTILIZATION • Egg travels down this tube

14. Uterus • Hollow flexible muscular organ; size of a fist • AKA- womb • Provides a space for the baby to grow

15. Uterine Lining • Tissue along the uterus becomes enriched with blood and nourishment once a month for pregnancy

16. Cervix • Located at the base of the uterus and bulges down into the vagina • Creates mucus to regulate what enters the uterus

17. Color Diagram Activity • Trace Internal & External diagram • Color each structure a different color • Create a color key box at the bottom of the page • Provide a job for each structure next to the diagram. • Label it Female Reproductive System and include your name.

18. DO NOW • Is it possible for a girl to get pregnant if she has not yet had her first period? Explain your answer. • Is it possible for a girl to get pregnant if she has sexual intercourse before ovulation has occurred? Explain your answer.

19. Menstrual Cycle • The process that prepares the female body for reproduction • The ovaries will release an egg every month. This is called OVULATION. • The uterine lining prepares each month by thickening with blood and nutrients • If fertilization doesn’t occur the uterine lining sheds and the blood, tissue, and egg leave the body through the vagina. This is the Menstrual Period

20. How long does the Menstrual cycle last? • The cycle is counted from the start of one period to the start of the next. The average cycle lasts 28 days but it can range from 24-35 days. • It is common for girls to get IRREGULAR PERIODS.

21. How long does the Menstrual periods last? • Menstrual period last 5-7 days. • Some girls may experience heavier bleeding than others. This is normal. • Girls will use pads, tampons, and/or liners during their menstrual period.

22. MENSTRUAL CYCLEBREAKDOWN DAY 1-7 – Menstrual fluid will be released out of the body. This is known as the menstrual period. DAY 8 -13 –Hormones levels will INCREASE and cause the uterine lining to thicken with blood. An egg matures in the ovary DAY 14 – Ovulation (release of an egg) DAY15 - 20 – Egg travels down fallopian tube to be fertilized DAY 21 - 28 – Hormone levels begin to DECREASE and causes the egg and uterine lining to break down

23. Disorders/Complications FRS • PMS • Menstrual cramps • Infertility • Vaginitis • Toxic Shock Syndrome • Breast Cancer • Cervical Cancer

24. PMS • Premenstrual syndrome • Physical and emotional symptoms before a girl gets her period. Usually at its worst 1-2 weeks before • Cause: • Hormone levels changing

25. PMS con’t.. • Symptoms: • Acne, bloating, fatigue, backaches, sore breasts, headaches, constipation, diarrhea, food cravings, depression, irritability. • Easing the symptoms: • Eating a balanced diet with fruits and veggies and drinking more water. • Decrease intake of salt, caffeine. • Medication

26. Menstrual cramps • Pain felt in the abdominal area a few days before a girl gets her period. • Cause: • Muscles around the uterus contracting in order to expel the uterine lining • Easing the symptoms: • Exercise • Heating Pads • Stretch • Medication

27. OTHER MENSTRUAL PROBLEMS 1. Amenorrhea – absence of periods or when a girl stops getting her period. 2. Menorrhagia – extremely heavy periods. Girls could have periods longer than 7 days or bleed through multiple pads over a few hours. 3. Dysmenorrhea – painful periods that last for a day or 2.

28. INFERTILITY • 1. A woman’s inability to have children • Cause: (1) failure to ovulate b/c of a hormone inbalance. (2) Inflammation of the uterus (3) Contracting a STD (gonorrhea, chlamydia, HPV)

29. INFERTILITY con’t… • Treatment: (1) Hormone Therapy (2) Getting checked and treated for STDs

30. VAGINITIS • 1. An inflammatory infection of the vagina • Cause: (1) Fungus (yeast infection) (2) Bacteria (3) Parasite (STD) • Treatment (1) Antibiotics (2) medicated creams

31. TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME • 1. Infection that affects the immune system and liver. Fact: Deadly in 50% of cases • 2. Cause: Leaving a tampon in longer than the recommended time (4-6 hours) Playtex sport? Will produce a fever and body will go into shock. Skin infections/burns/surgery • 3. Treatment: Medical attention; antibiotics

32. BREAST CANCER • 1. Defective cells that accumulate in the breast tissue • 2. Cause: Genetics • 3. Treatment: Self exams, Mammograms, and Medical Check-ups

33. Breast Cancer • How many cases and deaths are estimated to occur in 2011?• In 2011: 230,480 new cases • 39,520 women are expected to die from breast cancer • Only lung cancer accounts for more cancer deaths in women • 2,140 cases of breast cancer are expected to occur among men, accounting for about 1% of all breast cancers. In addition, approximately 450 men will die from breast cancer.

34. Cervical Cancer • 1. Defective cells that accumulate in the cervix-easiest test to prevent • 2. Cause: (#1) STD (HPV) 50% of sexually active women will contract HPV • 2. Treatment: (1) Pap Tests 21 yrs old or within 3 years of having sex (2) Medical Check-ups (3) HPV vaccinations

35. Cervical cancer cont., • Early detection (No signs) vs. advanced stage (bleeding after sex) • All women are at risk for cervical cancer. It occurs most often in women over age 30. • 11,999 women in the United States were told they had cervical cancer.

36. Breast Self-Examination While taking a shower or bath, gently explore both breast and underarm areas with fingertips. Check the upper and outer parts of each breast, toward the armpit. Standing in front of a mirror, check for changes in size, shape, and contour of each breast. Check for changes in the nipple, redness, or swelling. Lie with one arm tucked behind the head. With the other hand, examine the opposite breast for lumps, thickening, or other changes. Move around the breast in a circle, then up and down, going over the entire breast area. Repeat on the other side.