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Hallucinogens

Hallucinogens. Brian Casper October 4, 2006 ADJ-21a. Hallucinogen - Definition. Substances that produces psychological effects normally associated only with dreams, schizophrenia, or religious visions.

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Hallucinogens

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  1. Hallucinogens Brian Casper October 4, 2006 ADJ-21a

  2. Hallucinogen - Definition • Substances that produces psychological effects normally associated only with dreams, schizophrenia, or religious visions. • Produces changes in perception (ranging from distortions in what is sensed to perceptions of objects where there are none), thought, and feeling Hallucinogens

  3. Many drugs can exert effects • LSD types (traditional hallucinogens) • Phencyclidine(PCP) • Phenylethylamine (MDA and MDMA) • Ketamine • Dextromethorphan Hallucinogens

  4. Nature of Hallucinogens • Psychedelic - substances that expand or heighten perception and consciousness • Psychogenic - substances that initiate psychotic behavior • Psychotomimetic - substances that cause psychosis-like symptoms Hallucinogens

  5. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) • Causes predominantly psychedelic effects • Physical Properties In pure form – colorless, odorless, tasteless Street names – acid, blotter acid, microdot, window panes, acid, barrels, beast, Big D, electric Kool-Aid • Physiological Effects Massive increase in neutral activity in some brain regions Rise in body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure Increase in salivation and nausea Effects begin 30-40 minutes after ingestion and can last up to 12 hours Tolerance to the effects of LSD develop very quickly Creativity and insight • Schedule I Drug • Psychological dependency can occur – but usually not physical Hallucinogens

  6. LSD Stats “During the early 1990s LSD use among high school and college students began to rise. In 1998 12.2% of HS seniors used LSD at least once and that fell to 4.6% in 2004” “LSD users are typically college or high school students, white middle class and risk-takers” Taken from Drugs and Society, our textbook Hallucinogens

  7. LSD Stats (continued) • LSD can be purchased in several forms Tiny tablets called microdots Capsules Thin squares of gelatin called “window panes” • More commonly applied to blotter paper & cut into ¼ inch squares • 1 gram of LSD can provide 10,000 doses and sold on streets for $50,000 • Usually taken orally, but can be injected Hallucinogens

  8. Perforated blotter paper impregnated with LSD, as illustrated above, is one popular form of dispensing the drug (Picture and text from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) Hallucinogens

  9. Mescaline (Peyote) • Most active drug in peyote; it induces intensified perception of colors and euphoria • Effects include Dilation of the pupils Increase in body temperature Anxiety Visual Hallucinations Alternation of body image Vomiting Muscular relaxation • Schedule I Drug Hallucinogens

  10. Native American Church The Native American Church in the United States has special permission from the federal government to use the psychedelic mescaline as part of its religious sacrament Hallucinogens

  11. Psilocybin (Magic Mushrooms) • Principle source is the Psilocybe Mexican mushroom • Not very common on street • Effects similar to LSD • Stimulates autonomic nervous system, dilates pupils, increases body temperature • Schedule I Hallucinogens

  12. Psilocybe Mexican mushroom “Magic Mushrooms” (Photo taken from http://www.drug-information-resource.com) Hallucinogens

  13. Nutmeg • High dose can be quite intoxicating • Can cause unpleasant trips Foxy • Relatively new hallucinogen • Lower doses – euphoria • Higher doses – similar to LSD Hallucinogens

  14. Phencyclidine (PCP) • Considered by many experts to be the most dangerous hallucinogen • Physiological effects Hallucinogenic effects Stimulation Depression Excess sweating Blank stares Increase blood pressure & heart rate Side to side eye movement Double vision Dizziness Nausea Hallucinogens

  15. PCP (continued) • Psychological Effects Feelings of strength & power Invulnerability Perceptual distortion Paranoia Violence Psychoses • Some say use makes them feel “godlike” and powerful • PCP is a social drug; virtually all users report taking it in groups • Street Names - Angel Dust, supergrass, killerweed, embalming fluid, bobbies, dippies, and purple haze • Schedule II Drug Hallucinogens

  16. Ketamine • Club Drug • Feelings of weightlessness • Out-of-body or near-death experiences • Schedule III Drug Dextromethorphan • Active ingredient used in many OTC cough medicines • When consumed at high doses (usually 10x recommended) can have similar effects as Ketamine and PCP Hallucinogens

  17. Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) • Similar to amphetamines • Causes additional release of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine • “Love Drug” • Effects Sense of well-being Heightened tactile sensations Increase pleasure through sex and expressions of affection Demonstrate an overwhelming desire to be with or talk to people Hallucinogens

  18. MDA (continued) • Sometimes used at raves • Side Effects Nausea Periodic tensing of muscles in neck Tightening the jaw & grinding of teeth Dilation of pupils • Schedule I Drug Hallucinogens

  19. Methlenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) • Best described as a “mood enhancing stimulate” • Modification of MDA but has more psychedelic and less stimulant activity • Street names: Ecstasy, X, and Adam • Popular with college-age students and young adults • Because of enhancing sensations, has been used in the rave scene Hallucinogens

  20. MDMA (continued) • Effects Euphoria Increased Energy Increased Sensitivity to touch Lower Inhibitions Intensifies emotional feelings without sensory distortion Inhibits orgasm and interferes with erection • Schedule I Drug Hallucinogens

  21. Various Ecstasy pills (photo from www.greatestjournal.com) Hallucinogens

  22. The Enemy: Ecstasy The following video is directed towards US Navy personnel but does a great job addressing the dangerous of Ecstasy use Downloaded from www.archive.org Hallucinogens

  23. Hallucinogens

  24. Additional Information Our textbook, Drugs and Society, Chapter 12, page 352 Yahoo! Health - Hallucinogens Hallucinogens

  25. Presentation References • Fields, R. (2007) Drugs in Perspective (6th ed.) New York: McGraw Hill • Hallucinogens. In Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 29, 2006, from Drug Enforcement Administration: http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/concern/hallucinogens.html • Hallucinogen. (2006). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved September 29, 2006, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9038956 • Hallucinogens. In Yahoo! Health. Retrieved September 29, 2006, from Yahoo! Health: http://health.yahoo.com/topic/addiction/other/article/pt/Psychology_Today_art icles_pto_term_hallucinogens • Hansen, G.R., Venturelli, P.J., & Fleckenstein, A. E. (2006). Drugs and Society (9th ed.) Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers • Magic Mushrooms Facts. In Drug Information Resource. Retrieved September 29, 2006, from Drug Information Resource: http://www.drug-information- resource.com/magic_mushrooms.htm • Psychedelics, Dissociatives and Deliriants. In Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 29, 2006, from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucinogen • US Navy. (2001). The Enemy Ecstasy [Motion Picture]. United States: Infocus Video, Inc. Hallucinogens

  26. Questions Hallucinogens

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