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INTER WAR YEARS

INTER WAR YEARS. CHANGING FABRIC OF CDN SOCIETY DAY 43-49. ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN?. IMMEDIATELY AFTER WAR ECONOMY SLOWS DOWN. WHY? EASTERN INDUSTRY HURT, WESTERN FARMING NO MORE WAGE AND PRICE FREEZE

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INTER WAR YEARS

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  1. INTER WAR YEARS CHANGING FABRIC OF CDN SOCIETY DAY 43-49

  2. ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN? • IMMEDIATELY AFTER WAR ECONOMY SLOWS DOWN. WHY? • EASTERN INDUSTRY HURT, WESTERN FARMING • NO MORE WAGE AND PRICE FREEZE • INFLATION SKYROCKETS, WAGES GO DOWN BECAUSE OF MARKET FORCES. MORE MONEY TO BUY, BUT MORE WORKERS • WEST AND MARITIMES WORST HIT. BEGIN TO CALL FOR CHANGE, MUCH LIKE BR DURING IND REV

  3. UNION MOVEMENT • DURING WAR UNIONS ILLEGAL • 1919 MANY UNIONS MEET IN CALGARY AND CALL FOR OBU MODELED AFTER IWW • CALL FOR ADOPTION OF GENERAL STRIKE • AMHERST (WORK HOURS, WAGES, SAFETY) • PEACEFULLY NEGOTIATED END WITH MAYOR • NOW SWITCH POLITICS, LABOUR PARTY COALITION WITH FARMERS, AND IN 1920 NS BECOME OPP, CONS 3RD

  4. ECONOMY SLOWS DOWN, MANY MOVE, SO PARTY DIES QUICKLY • WEST IS WHERE MORE DRAMATIC CHANGE OCCURS • WINNIPEG BEGINS OWN GENERAL STRIKE • IRON WORKERS REAL SALARY CUT IN HALF BY INFLATION, LONG HOURS, DANGEROUS ETC • STRIKE, AND ASK FOR HELP FROM OTHER UNIONS • MAY 15,1919 30,000 PEOPLE WALK INCLUDING POLICE, WATER, SANITATION

  5. STRIKE COMMITTEE RUNS WINNIPEG • LED BY LABOUR ACTIVIST J S WOODSWORTH AND OTHER ADVOCATES OF SOCIAL GOSPEL • SOCIAL GOSPEL WAS THE FOUNDATION, BROTHERHOOD OF MAN, FAIR AND EQUITABLE TREATMENT • BUSINESS LEADERS WANT GOV’T HELP, BORDEN AWAY SO MEIGHEN • ERA OF RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, FEAR SOCIALISM • LEADERS OF STRIKE LABELED ENEMY ALIENS • NEW LAW, INCITING SEDITIOUS CONSPIRACY

  6. CHANGE CRIMINAL CODE SO INCITING SEDITIOUS CONSPIRACY CAN BE JAIL TIME. ALSO IMMIGRATION ACT TO DEPORT THOSE CONVICTED • JUNE 16-17 LEADERS ARRESTED BY STRIKE BREAKERS • LEADERLESS, PEOPLE HEAD BACK TO WORK UNTIL VETERANS TAKE UP THE MANTLE • UNEMPLOYED SOLDIERS PLAN TO MARCH IN DEFIANCE • JUNE 21 MARCH IN WINNIPEG, GOV’T USES NWMP TO CRUSH • 2 DEAD 34 WOUNDED, 88 ARRESTED • FURTHER HURTS, MEIGHEN, AS WELL AS TRADITIONAL POLITICS IN WEST, THEY WILL FIND A NEW ANSWER

  7. MASSES OF PEOPLE IN SUPPORT OF THE STRIKE, BUT ALSO SOME INFLUENCED BY GOV’T WHO SEE THE STRIKE AS LED BY COMMIES

  8. THE RIOTING IN WINNIPEG AFTER THE INACTION BY THE GOV’T, AND FINALLY THE GOV’T ACTS.

  9. BILLY CLUB USED AGAINST STRIKERS ON JUNE 21. LATER KEPT BY WOODSWORTH AS A SYMBOL OF OPPRESSION OF THE CANADIAN WORKER J S WOODWORTH, PACIFIST METHODIST ARRESTED AND CHARGED WITH SEDITION LOOKS SCARY DOESN’T HE

  10. TRANSITION OF FEDERAL LEADERS • BORDEN TO MEIGHEN • AS BORDEN TIRES OF STRAIN OF LEADERSHIP AND WWI, HE BEGINS TO CONTEMPLATE RESIGNING • UNION GOV’T FALLING APART IN 1919, AND BY 1920 HE RESIGNS • MEIGHEN IS CHOSEN TO REPLACE

  11. ARTHUR MEIGHEN • VERY OPINIONATED, AND HE WAS ALWAYS RIGHT • ONCE MADE DECISION HE STUCK BY IT BITTERLY • OPENLY RUTHLESS WHEN NEEDED • VERY UNWILLING TO ENTERTAIN COMPROMISE WITH THOSE WHO DISAGREED WITH HIM • WAR MEASURES ACT, WARTIME ELECTIONS ACT, MILITARY SERVICES ACT, MILITARY VOTERS ACT CLOSURE, INCITING SEDITIOUS CONSPIRACY, WINNIPEG GENERAL STRIKE • GREAT DEBATER, LAWYER, STATESMAN. YET NOT ENDEARING TO PEOPLE. PERHAPS A 19TH CENTURY POLITICIAN. • MANY IN PARTY THOUGHT NOT THE BEST CHOICE, BUT HE IS THE NEW PM

  12. WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE KING • AFTER 1917 ELECTION MANY LIBS WANTED CHANGE IN LEADERSHIP • LAURIER’S STANCE ON CONSCRIPTION WOULD NEVER ALLOW HIM TO WIN AGAIN • STILL COULD NOT THROW OUT LEADER FOR 25 YEARS • WHEN HE DIES, HE OPENS DOOR TO CHANGE • 1ST LEADERSHIP CONVENTION IN CDN POLITICAL HISTORY AUG 1919. 1200 DELEGATES FROM ACROSS COUNTRY MEET TO PICK NEW LEADER

  13. NEED SOMEONE QUE AND ONT COULD VOTE FOR • KING THE CHOICE AS STUCK BY LAURIER OVER CONSCRIPTION BUT NOT OUTSPOKEN FOR YEARS AS OUT OF OFFICE • KING WAS GRANDSON OF WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE REBEL OF 1837 • KING WAS COMPROMISER, WILLING TO LISTEN, TRIED TO MAKE AS MANY PEOPLE HAPPY AS POSSIBLE ETC. SOUNDS LIKE ? • SEES LABOUR UNREST SO GOES AFTER THEM. LIBERALS OF 1920 CALLING FOR FAIR WAGES, 8 HR WORK DAY, MOTHER’S ALLOWANCE, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, AND OLD AGE PENSION

  14. MEIGHEN TO LEFT AND ABOVE, MACKENZIE KING WRITING HIS 1917 BOOK, INDUSTRY AND HUMANITY

  15. ELECTION OF 1921 THE ISSUES • WAR MEASURES ACT, MILITARY VOTERS ACT, MILITARY SERVICES ACT, WARTIME ELECTIONS ACT CLOSURE, WINNIPEG GENERAL STRIKE, LABOUR ETC • MEIGHEN ALSO CANCELLED CROWS NEST PASS AGREEMENT • HIGH TARIFFS, LAISSEZ-FAIRE ECONOMY • MEANWHILE LIBS HAVE DONE NO WRONG SINCE 1911. WHO IS GOING TO WIN???? • NOT SO FAST!!!! THERE’S ANOTHER THING TO CONSIDER

  16. EMERGENCE OF THIRD PARTY • PEOPLE TIRING OF TRADITIONAL PARTIES, LOOKING FOR ANOTHER OPTION • IN ONTARIO CAN’T GO LIBERAL (CONSCRIPTION), AND CONSERVATIVES HURTING LABOUR AND FARMERS, ANSWER IS NEW PARTY • FARMERS UNITED, WITH LABOUR TO FOUND UNITED FARMERS OF ONTARIO PARTY • IN 1919 PROVINCIAL ELECTION RAN 63 CANDIDATES FOR 83 SEATS. WON 45 SEATS. UFO MAJORITY GOV’T!!! WHAT MESSAGE TO MEIGHEN?

  17. GOAL OF UFO PARTY WAS TO RE-ESTABLISH FARMERS AS AN IMPORTANT GROUP IN ONTARIO. BY JOINING WITH LABOUR THEY ALSO HAD BACKING OF THE PROLETARIAT IN THE EMERGING CITIES. WITHIN A FEW YEARS, UNITED FARMERS MOVEMENTS SPREAD TO ALBERTA, MANITOBA, AND SASK. Ernest C. Drury, UFO premier and leader.

  18. RESULTS OF 1921 ELECTION • LIBERALS WIN 121 SEATS • CONSERVATIVES WIN 50 • PROGRESSIVES 64 • LABOUR 3 • INDEPENDENT 1 • WHAT IS DIFFERENT ABOUT THIS ELECTION????? • BIRTH OF THE MULTI PARTY SYS OF GOV’T. KING WINS, BUT LOSES TOO

  19. BREAKDOWN OF LIBERAL VOTE • LIBS TAKE ALL 65 IN QUE, 25/30 IN EAST, 21/85 IN ONT, 6/53 IN WEST • COUNTRY SPLIT. HOW TO GOVERN? COALITION WAS NEEDED • PROGRESSIVES, AND LABOUR MORE LIKELY TO SIDE WITH LIBS THAN MEIGHEN • YET THE WEST HAD SPOKEN OUT AGAINST LIBERALS AS WELL, THEY INSTEAD VOTED FOR A NEW CHOICE, THE PROGRESSIVES

  20. PROGRESSIVE PARTY • THOMAS CRERAR FORMER LIBERAL FROM MANITOBA WAS THE FOUNDER • SPLIT WITH LAURIER ON CONSCRIPTION TO SIT AS UNION MP • SOON BECAME UPSET WITH CONS POLICIES AGAINST WESTERN FARMERS • NOT READY TO REJOIN LIBS SO FOUND YOUR OWN • HE FELT EVENTUALLY PROGRESSIVES WOULD GO BACK TO LIBS, BUT NOT UNTIL THEIR POLICIES CHANGED

  21. THOMAS CRERAR IN 1919 • HIS PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT • CALLED FOR DRAMATIC CHANGE • DRAMATIC LOWERING OF TARIFF • RESTORATION OF CROWS NEST • PASS AGREEMENT • FREE TRADE WITH USA • EASIER CREDIT FOR FARMERS • LOWERING OF INTEREST RATES • FOR FARMERS’ MORTGAGE • TRANSFER OF CONTROL OF • NATURAL RESOURCES TO THE • PROVINCES FROM OTTAWA • 7. ANTI STRIKE BREAK LEG, SHORTER WORK DAY, FAIR WAGES ETC. WHY? • WHY WOULD WEST LIKE THIS?

  22. MEIGHEN HAD CAMPAIGNED ON PRINCIPLES, AND WHAT HE WOULD DO • LIBERALS STAYED ALOOF WITH VAGUE STATEMENTS ON WHAT THEY COULD DO • PROGRESSIVES, WHAT GOV’T SHOULD DO • 70% VOTE AGAINST MEIGHEN, 60% AGAINST KING, BUT HE IS PM. NEEDS SUPPORT • COURTS LABOUR, REMEMBER HIS POLICIES? WOODSWORTH WOULD SIDE WITH HIM • COURTS FARMERS, PROGRESSIVES SUPPORT • BIRTH OF SOCIALISM IN CANADA (MOTHERS’ ALLOWANCES, PENSIONS, REINSTATES CROWS NEST PASS, TAX AND TARIFF REFORM) • SOCIAL MANDATE FOR FIRST TERM AS PM GUARANTEES SUCCESS IN 1925

  23. MACKENZIE KING’S FOREIGN POLICY • MACKENZIE’S FIRST TEST WAS CHANAK AFFAIR • KING HIMSELF MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS • MUSTAFA KEMAL ATTATURK AND THE TREATY OF SEVRES • 1921 WAR WITH GREECE, THEN TURNS ATTENTION TO CHANAK AND BR • BR THREATENS WAR AND ASKS DOMINIONS FOR HELP IN 1922 • KING READS IN PAPER… “ONLY PARLIAMENT WILL DECIDE” • MEIGHEN “READY AYE READY”! STILL HASN’T LEARNED • KING DOESN’T SAY NO, BUT REJECTS ABSOLUTE MUST GO! • IN END NO WAR, SO KING WAS A GENIUS, MEIGHEN LOST GROUND

  24. HALIBUT TREATY • KING WANTS MORE AUTONOMY, ESPECIALLY AFTER CHANAK • LOOKS FOR ISSUE, FINDS ONE IN NEGOTIATIONS WITH USA OVER FISH • BY NOW WE COULD NEGOTIATE TREATIES, BUT BR MUST SIGN • BY 1923 CAN AND USA NEGOTIATED FISH DEAL. KING DECIDES CANADA WILL SIGN ON OWN. • ERNEST LAPOINTE SENT AND SIGNS CANADA’S FIRST BILATERALLY NEGOTIATED TREATY EVER • USA RELUCTANT, BUT PASSES, BR A BIT HESITANT BUT PASSES • THIS ACQUIESCENCE SHOWS TACIT RECOGNITION

  25. MACKENZIE KING’S QUE LT THE HONOURABLE ERNEST LAPOINTE THE FIRST CANADIAN TO SIGN A BILATERALLY NEGOTIATED TREATY THIS WAS A HUGE STEP FORWARD IN CANADIAN FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

  26. ELECTION OF 1925 • ANY REASON TO SUSPECT CONSERVATIVE VICTORY? • CONSERVATIVES 116 • LIBERALS 101 • PROGRESSIVES 24 • LABOUR 2 • WHAT HAPPENED? MINORITY GOV’T

  27. MARITIMES VOTE CONSERVATIVE BECAUSE MEIGHEN PROMISES EASTERN CROWS NEST PASS • KING KEEPS JOB AS PM BECAUSE HE COULD GOVERN WITH SUPPORT, MEIGHEN COULD NOT • WOODSWORTH SENT LETTERS TO BOTH KING AND MEIGHEN BEFORE ASKING WHAT WOULD DO FOR LABOUR • MEIGHEN DOESN’T RESPOND, KING SAYS AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE. KING CAN POINT TO HIS SOCIAL MANDATE OF LAST FOUR YEARS • SO IN END, KING LOSES SEATS BUT MAINTAINS CONTROL

  28. KING BYNG CRISIS • MINORITY GOV’T VERY CLOSE, MUST AVOID CONTROVERSY… KING CAN NOT • CONS MP H H STEPHENS UNCOVERS RUM RUNNING SCANDAL IN MARITIMES • CANADA LOSING MILLIONS OF DOLLARS IN TAXES • KING SHUTS DOWN PARLIAMENT FOR SIX WEEKS HOPING ISSUE GOES AWAY • PARLIAMENT RESUMES, BUT STILL DEBATING • KING FEARS LOSING CONFIDENCE MOTION, SO ASKS FOR DISSOLUTION…BYNG SAYS NO, MEIGHEN WILL BE GIVEN CHANCE TO RULE

  29. MEIGHEN IS BACK • 2ND TIME AS PM WITHOUT WINNING • NO ONE WILLING TO WORK WITH MEIGHEN, SO GOV’T LASTS FOUR DAYS (BYE ELECTION ISSUE) • MEIGHEN LOSES VOTE OF CONFIDENCE, AND ASKS FOR DISSOLUTION • BYNG GRANTS, KING CRIES FOUL. REWARDING WWI BUDDY • ELECTION, KING CAMPAIGNS ON REDUCING THE BRITISH INFLUENCE IN CANADA BY LIMITING THE ROLE OF THE GG

  30. 1926 ELECTION • LIBS 116 • CONS 91 • UFA 11 • PRO 13 • LIB PRO 9 • LABOUR 3 • IND 2 • MINORITY AGAIN REALLY MORE COMFORTABLE • 1926 IMPERIAL CONFERENCE KING DEMANDS FORMAL RECOGNITION OF CANADA AS COMPLETELY INDEPENDENT • LORD BALFOUR COMMISSIONED TO STUDY THE DOMINIONS’ STATUS (LATER LEADS TO STATUTE OF WESTMINSTER) • CANADA GIVEN RIGHT TO HAVE AMBASSADORS. FIRST ONE IS VINCENT MASSEY TO USA (WHY USA? WHAT SAY ABOUT OUR FUTURE?)

  31. CLASS ASSIGNMENT • READ SECTION ON ROARING TWENTIES AND DEPRESSION • ANSWER QUESTION SHEET • GO OVER

  32. Read ‘People of Prosperity’ (Pages 335-338) and the economics of the depression (pages 339-345). Then answer the questions below. • What nicknames were given to the decade of the 1920s? what do you think the nicknames tell us about life during this era? • ROARING TWENTIES, ASPIRIN AGE, LOST GENERATION AND THE ERA OF WONDERFUL NONSENSE • CALLED THIS BECAUSE THE DRAMA OF WAR OVER, AND PEOPLE CAN HAVE FUN AGAIN • MONEY CAN BE SPENT FREELY WITH NO RATIONING, SO PEOPLE ENTHUSIASTICALLY SPEND MONEY USUALLY ON HAVING GOOD TIME • THE DEPRIVATIONS OF WWI OVER TIME TO CELEBRATE • AS POLITICAL ATMOSPHERE CHANGED FROM COMMAND ECONOMY AND WAR TIME RESTRICTIONS THE FREEDOM WAS ONE THAT OPENED UP NEW ERA OF OPPORTUNITY

  33. Describe the social revolution that occurred during this time? How did life change for the average Canadian during this time? • BIGGEST CHANGE WAS FOR WOMEN • WOMEN NOW INVOLVED IN POLITICS, VICES, NEW CLOTHING, HAIR, PURSUIT OF FREEDOM • CHANGE NECESSITATED DURING WARTIME KEPT DESPITE ATTEMPTS OTHERWISE • NO PROHIBITION, NO RATIONING, LEADS EVENTUALLY TO GREAT DEMAND FOR GOODS • NEW PRODUCTS (CAR, VACUUM WASHING MACHINE) INCREASE FREE TIME, LEADS TO APPETITE FOR ENTERTAINMENT • LOOSENING OF MORALS AFTER THE HORRORS OF WAR, LET LOOSE HAVE FUN • BEHAVIOURS PREVIOUSLY SEEN AS DECADENT NOW WERE THE NORM ACROSS THE LAND • INTERESTINGLY ENOUGH THOUGH THERE WAS A BOOM IN CHURCH GOING PROBABLY BY THE MORAL MINORITY

  34. Describe the emancipation of women that occurred during the twenties. • THE AVERAGE WOMAN OF 1929 WAS COMPLETELY DIFFERENT FROM HER COUNTERPART OF 1919 • SHE SMOKED, DRANK, VOTED, WORKED, DISCUSSED ISSUES AND HAD HER OPINIONS, SHE WAS INDEPENDENT FROM THE HOUSE DUE TO THE MACHINE AGE, AND FROM HER HUSBAND THANKS TO THE WAR • HER ENTIRE LIFE WAS CHANGING

  35. FLAPPER FROM THE 20s THE CHARLESTON TO THE RIGHT THE CAR.

  36. Describe the manner in which Canadians and others invested in the stock market during the 1920’s. This practice led to an overvalued market that is inflated. What dangers are inherent in having money that does not exist invested in such a market? • STOCKS SOARING, RICH GETTING RICHER, EVERYONE WANTS INTO INVEST • DIDN’T HAVE MONEY, BORROW, REPAY WITH DIVIDENDS, BUYING ON MARGIN • EVERYONE BUYING, PRICES GO UP, ARTIFICIALLY HIGH • MARKET BECOMES OVER INFLATED AS EVERYONE BUYING WITHOUT REAL MONEY • LEADS TO CRASH AS FLUID CAPITAL DRIES UP. NO REAL MONEY THERE, SO WHEN PEOPLE TRY TO CASH OUT THE SYSTEM CRASHES • THE VALUE OF COMPANIES IN TERMS OF STOCK MORE THAN WHAT THE COMPANY HAS IN ASSETS, SO THEY COULD NEVER COVER

  37. What happened in October of 1929? Why did this so affect eh World Economy? • IN OCTOBER OF 1929 THE CRASH OCCURRED. • STOCK MARKET DESTROYED • RICH LOST FORTUNES, 61 000 000 DOLLARS LOST IN ONE MONTH 50% OF VALUE BY FORD COMPANY TO CITE ONE EXAMPLE • POOR LOST LIFE SAVINGS, BUSINESSES WENT BANKRUPT THROWING PEOPLE OUT OF WORK • SINCE PEOPLE ALL OVER THE WORLD DEPENDED ON THE US ECONOMY IT CAUSED A TRICKLE DOWN EFFECT • INTERNATIONAL TRADE DRIES UP AS TARIFFS GO UP AROUND THE WORLD TO PROTECT THEIR OWN ECONOMIES • THIS ONLY HURTS FURTHER AS TRADE WARS START AND NO PLACE TO SELL YOUR GOODS

  38. Why was the Canadian Economy not built to withstand a Depression? • LIKE REST OF WORLD WE NEEDED THE US, ONLY NEEDED THEM EVEN MORE WITH FORTY PERCENT OF OUR EXPORTS GOING THERE • THEY BUY MOST OF OUR STUFF, IN TIMES OF DEPRESSION THEY DON’T BUY, SO WE CAN’T SELL • CANADA ALSO DEPENDED TOO MUCH ON NATURAL RESOURCES LIKE FOODSTUFFS, AND MINERALS • THESE FIRST HIT IN TRADE WAR SO CANADA SUFFERS HARD AND FAST • WHEAT GOES FROM 1.68 BUSHEL TO .38 A BUSHEL • AS FACTORIES AND FARMS CLOSE, THE RAILROADS ALL BUT SHUT DOWN AS NO TRAFFIC, AND CANADIAN ECONOMY DIES • IF NO ONE BUYING GOODS, MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES ALSO GO INTO DECLINE.

  39. ABOVE, BLACK THURSDAY IN NY TO RIGHT, RUN ON BANKS

  40. How were farmers in the west doubly cursed during the Depression? • FARMERS HAD NO MARKET FOR THEIR GOODS, PRICES DOWN, SO MANY FARMS HIT HARD • BANKS WERE ON RUN SO NEEDED MONEY, TO GET THEY CALLED IN THE MORTGAGES OF FARMERS MANY OF WHOM COULDN’T PAY SO LOST THEIR FARM • TO TOP OFF DROUGHT HITS THE WEST • TOPSOIL DRIES UP AND HIGH WINDS CREATE DESERT LIKE CONDITIONS WHICH FURTHER KILLS THE ECONOMY OF THE WEST • FARMERS NOW TRAVEL AS TRANSIENTS TO URBAN CANADA SEEKING JOBS, BUT FACTORIES NOT HIRING. WHEN THEY DO THEY TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SITUATION AND PAY LITTLE

  41. DUST BOWL IN SASK. FARMERS LEAVING THE FARM FOOD LINE IN TORONTO DUSTBOWL IN USA

  42. What was the five-cent speech? How did this speech affect the Liberal re-election hopes of 1930? • PROVINCES HAD TO PAY FOR WELFARE, SO THEY WERE BROKE AS COULDN’T TAX AS POWER OF TAXATION IN HANDS OF FED GOV’T. PROVS NEED MONEY, ASK FED GOV’T FOR HELP • KING’S SPEECH, HELP LIB PROVS, BUT NOT A FIVE CENT PIECE TO CONSERVATIVE ONES • BENNETT NEW LEADER OF CONS AND USES THIS TO SHOW KING NOT TRUE SOCIALIST • WHEN VOTERS WENT TO THE ELECTION BOOTH THEY DID NOT FORGET • AS ELECTION OF 1930 CAME ON, KING BEGINS TO PROMISE AN END TO THE DEPRESSION, BUT NOW NO ONE BELIEVES HE CAN OR WILL DO IT • AT THE ELECTION THE LIBS LOSE • CONSERVATIVES 137 • LIBS 88 • UNITED FARMERS 10 • LIB PROGRESSIVES 3 • PROGRESSIVES 2 • LABOUR 2 • INDEPENDENT LABOUR 1 • MAJORITY GOVERNMENT FOR CANADA’S 10TH PRIME MINISTER BENNETT.

  43. Who was R B Bennett? What is a Bennett Buggy? Were he and the Conservatives successful in their attempts to end the Depression? Why? • R B BENNETT BORN IN HOPEWELL NB BUT NOW CALGARY MILLIONAIRE (LAW FIRM) • REALLY CARED ABOUT THE POOR, BUT COULD NOT STOP DEPRESSION • LEADER OF OPPOSITION CONSERVATIVES IN 1930 AFTER REPLACING MEIGHEN • CAMPAIGNED ON PROMISE TO END DEPRESSION AND PUT PEOPLE BACK TO WORK • ATTACKED LIBERALS ON THEIR POLICY OF NOT DOING ENOUGH TO RETALIATE AGAINST THE US HIGH TARIFF RATE • WINS ELECTION ON THIS ISSUE • YET HE TOO CANNOT STOP DEPRESSION • CANADA’S ECONOMY NOT BUILT TO STAND ALONE, WE NEEDED TRADE WITH US ESPECIALLY, AND THEY NOT TRADING • HIGH TARIFFS GLOBALLY LIMIT HIS SUCCESS AT BREAKING THE DEPRESSION AS NO ONE IS BUYING CANADIAN GOODS • A BENNETT BUGGY IS A CAR POWERED BY HORSES, AS NO ONE HAS MONEY TO BUY GAS • ALSO HAD BENNETT BARNYARDS, WHICH WERE ABANDONED FARMS IN THE WEST, AND BENNETT BURROUGHS WHICH WERE SHANTY TOWNS FOR THE HOMELESS AND TRANSIENTS

  44. RB BENNETT THE ONLY NB PRIME MINISTER EVER. AND HE DIDN’T DO SO GOOD! ABOVE, TWO VERSIONS OF BENNETT BUGGIES THERE WERE ALSO BENNETTVILLE, BENNETT BARNYARDS ETC.

  45. What were Relief Camps? What was the Regina Riot? • RELIEF CAMPS WERE WORKING CAMPS ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE, WHERE UNEMPLOYED YOUNG MEN SENT TO WORK (20,000) • PAID TWENTY CENTS PER DAY TO DO PUBLIC WORKS, LITTLE TO DO IN CAMPS, CONDITIONS WERE NOT GREAT • REAL REASON WAS TO KEEP POTENTIAL REBELLIOUS MIGRATORY WORKERS FROM CONGREGATING IN CITIES, STIRRING UP SEDITION (COMMUNIST FEAR) • BENNETT FULLY SUPPORTED THEIR BEING SET UP BUT THEY WERE ACTUALLY THE BRAIN CHILD OF ANDREW MCNAUGHTON • REGINA RIOT OCCURS ONCE RELIEF CAMPS BECOME HOTBED OF IDEAS • PEOPLE HERE BEGAN TO TALK AND GRUMBLED ABOUT THE GOV’T • DECIDED TO MARCH ON OTTAWA IN 1935. THE CAMP MEN HOPPED ON FREIGHT CARS IN VANCOUVER AND PLANNED ON GOING ALL THE WAY TO OTTAWA • IN REGINA GROUP PROTESTING AND MOUNTIES BEAT THEM UP PRETTY GOOD • THE RIOTERS SET UP A BARRICADE, STORES WERE LOOTED, AND MOUNTIES THEN FENCED THEM IN AND SET UP MACHINE GUN POSITIONS • BOTH ARE EXAMPLES OF HOW BENNETT FEARED THE COMMON PERSON. • BENNETT FEARED A REVOLUTION ALONG MARXIST LINES

  46. THE ON TO OTTAWA TREK ONE OF THE RELIEF CAMPS, THIS ONE IN ALTA THE DORMITORY ROOMS FOR THE UNEMPLOYED

  47. THE RIOT TO THE RIGHT, AND SOME OF THE RIOTERS BELOW.

  48. What was Bennett’s New Deal? Did the Canadian electorate accept it? • BENNETT FINALLY CAME UP WITH PLAN TO END DEPRESSION IN 1935 • IT WAS MODELED AFTER ROOSEVELT’S NEW DEAL IN THE US • CALLED FOR EI, SOCIAL SECURITY, MINIMUM WAGE LAWS, SHORTER WORK WEEK, BUT ALSO FOR HUGE PUBLIC WORKS PROJECTS • THESE PROJECTS MAY COST THE GOVERNMENT LOTS OF MONEY, BUT WOULD PUT THOUSANDS TO WORK AND THEIR TAXES WOULD HELP PAY FOR IT • THIS WOULD END DEPRESSION • OTHER COUNTRIES DOING IT, ROOSEVELT BUILDS THE TVA, HITLER BUILDING THE AUTOBAHN • IN CANADA THE ELECTORATE DID NOT BELIEVE BENNETT, HE HAD FAILED TO END DEPRESSION FOR FIVE YEARS, WHY GIVE HIM CHANCE TO FAIL AGAIN • THEY FELT THIS WAS JUST A PLOY TO WIN RE-ELECTION BY BENNETT AND THAT IF HE HAD GOOD IDEAS HE SHOULD HAVE ALREADY USED THEM • BENNETT WAS TRYING TO HELP, BUT TOO LITTLE TOO LATE AND LOSES ELECTION

  49. What were the results of the 1935 election? What does this say about the trust the Canadian people had in the Bennett government? • - LIBS 171 • - CONS 39 • - SOCIAL CREDIT 17 • - CCF 7 • - RECONSTRUCTION 1 • - IND 10 • HUGE MAJORITY FOR LIBS AND KING. FARMERS, PROGRESSIVES GONE FEDERALLY • PEOPLE FELT BENNETT HAD FAILED, GIVE KING A CHANCE, VOTED FOR CHANGE REALLY

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