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ART 31 Final Review

ART 31 Final Review. Paleolithic: “Venus” of Willendorf. Paleolithic: “Venus” of Laussel. “The Neolithic Revolution” The Shift from Paleolithic to Neolithic. Neolithic (New Stone Age) Settled in Permanent Villages Domesticated Agriculture & Animal Husbandry Megalithic Architecture

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ART 31 Final Review

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  1. ART 31 Final Review

  2. Paleolithic:“Venus” of Willendorf Paleolithic:“Venus” of Laussel

  3. “The Neolithic Revolution”The Shift from Paleolithic to Neolithic Neolithic (New Stone Age) Settled in Permanent Villages Domesticated Agriculture & Animal Husbandry Megalithic Architecture “Birth of Civilization” Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) Nomadic Hunter-Gatherers Cave Dwellings and Shrines Portable sculpture Cave Paintings

  4. Neolithic: StonehengeSalisbury Plain, England the beginning of Post and Lintel Architecture

  5. Characteristics of Near Eastern Art•Use of hierarchical proportion/scale to depict leaders or gods larger than everyone else•Use of cuneiform•StylizedMajor themes: Rulers, Military Conquest, Gods and Religious Practices, Animals

  6. Cuneiform Hierarchical Scale

  7. Victory Stele of Naram-SinAkkadian

  8. Characteristics of Egyptian Art•Use of canon of proportions•Static and un-changing•Combined frontal and profile views•Use of hieroglyphics•Stylized•Gender color differentiation:(male/red : female/yellow)Major themes: Unification, Divine Kingship, Gods and Religious Practices, and Rebirth

  9. Menkaure and Queen Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4

  10. Egyptian Canon of Proportion

  11. The Pyramids of GizaOld Kingdom, Dynasty 4(tombs of the Pharaohs Menkaure, Khafre and Khufu)

  12. Characteristics of Greek Art•Idealized forms•Contrapposto pose•Emphasis on balance and proportion•Marble and bronze sculptureMajor themes: Gods and Goddesses, Religious Events, Funerary Practices, Mythology

  13. Greek Pottery Painting Black Figure Painting Red Figure Painting

  14. Early Classical: Kritios BoyMarble, c.480 B.C.E.

  15. Contrapposto: The “s-curve” used in Classical Greek sculptures showing the body standing at rest, with one leg bearing the weight while the hips and shoulders are asymmetrical. Perfected by the Greek sculptor Polykleitus.

  16. The Classical Orders of Architecture: Doric Ionic Corinthian 3 major parts of column: base, shaft, and capital

  17. Classical Greek Architecture:Iktinos and Kallikrates [Architects]The Parthenon, Athens, c.447-438 B.C.E. Post and Lintel Architecture. Doric. Dedicated to the goddess Athena. Decorated with sculpture showing battles between Greeks and barbarians, and the Panathenaic Festival

  18. Plan of the Parthenon Gray Block represents the location of the original Athena Parthenos statue.

  19. Characteristics of Hellenistic Greek Sculpture•Exploration of youth and old age•Theatricality and Melodrama•Extremes of Emotion•Formal Realism Laocoön and Sons

  20. Materials and Techniques:Terra-cotta:an orange colored earthenware (clay) material used for pottery and sculpture.Buon or True Fresco:a technique of painting of the plaster surface of a wall or ceiling. In buon fresco the paint is applied while the plaster is still damp, so that the pigments bond with the wall.Mosaic:the use of small pieces of glass, stone, or tile (tesserae) to create an image on a wall, floor, or ceiling.

  21. Innovations of Roman Architecture Techniques: cofferoculusconcretedomevault true arch Types of Structures: aqueduct amphitheater triumphal arch basilica rotunda forum

  22. Roman Architecture: The Colosseum

  23. Roman Architecture: The Pantheon

  24. Roman Architecture: The Arch of Titus

  25. In 313 C.E. the Roman Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan, a document granting tolerance of all religions. This effectively legalized Christianity. chi rho

  26. Characteristics of Early Christian Art and Byzantine Art•Stylized individuals•Mosaic decoration•Incorrect human proportions•The illusion of weightlessness or floating•Religious themes •Illuminated Manuscripts made of vellum (calfskin)

  27. Major components of a basilica or early churchapse:a projecting part of the building, usually a half-dome, often on the East end.Nave:the long, narrow, central area used to house the congregation. apse nave

  28. Gothic Architecture:Created by Abbot Suger . First used in his re-design of the French Royal Monastery, St. Denis. Characteristic Elements: •Pointed Arches•Stained Glass•Rose windows•Clerestory•Lancet windows •Triforium•Piers•Flying Buttresses Tympanum: the hemispheric section above the portals (doorways) in Romanesque or Gothic cathedrals

  29. Flying Buttresses Rose Window

  30. Characteristics of the Renaissance•Artists began to think of themselves as artists as well as craftsmen •Religious art was combined with the visual conventions of the Greek and Roman traditions •Art was interpreted according to the philosophy known as “Humanism”

  31. GiottoThe Betrayal of Christ (The Kiss of Judas)1305-06, Arena Chapel, Padua

  32. Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi), Holy Trinity, fresco, 1425

  33. Donatello, David, bronze c.1430-40

  34. Italian Artists Working During the High Renaissance •Leonardo da Vincie.g. The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper•Michelangeloe.g. The Sistine Chapel Ceiling, The Sistine Chapel Last Judgment, David, Pieta • Raphaele.g. The School of Athens

  35. Illusions of Depth:linear perspective: a method of creating the illusion of 3-dimensional space on a 2-dimensional surface by delineating a horizon line and multiple “orthogonal” lines. These lines recede into the supposed distance and meet at one or more points on the horizon, called “vanishing points.”foreshortening: a method of perspective used to represent a single object extending back into space at an angle to the picture plane

  36. Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, c.1495-98

  37. Leonardo da VinciMona Lisa , c.1503-05 Sfumato was favored by da Vinci. sfumato:a technique of applying many thin layers of paint to create a “smoky” effect.

  38. Raphael, The School of Athens, 1509-11,Vatican, Rome Portraits of Renaissance artists as Greek philosophers, Mathematicians, and scientists.

  39. MichelangeloDavid, 1501-04Galleria dell’Accademia, Florence

  40. MichelangeloLast Judgment, 1534-41Sistine Chapel, Rome

  41. Titian (Tiziano Vecelli, 1490-1576)The Venus of Urbino, c.1538

  42. Northern Renaissance orNetherlandish Painting •Characterized by highly symbolic religious or genre (daily life) scenes. •Major artists were Jan van Eyck, Robert Campin, Albrecht Durer

  43. Diptych (two panels), triptych (three panels), and polyptychs (many panels): paintings on hinged panels of wood, typically altarpieces for churches.

  44. Jan van EyckThe Arnolfini Wedding Portrait, oil on wood,1434

  45. Characteristics of Mannerism•Bright colors •Elongated bodies •Lack of linear perspective •Complex human poses •Unusual combinations of elements Agnolo Bronzino, Allegory of Venus (Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time), c.1546

  46. Leading Baroque Artists •from Italy: Caravaggio, Gentileschi •from Holland: Rembrandt, Vermeer, Rubens •from Spain: Diego Velazquez

  47. Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577-1640)The Raising of the Cross, 1609 chiaroscuro / tenebrism:Strong, dramatic use of light and dark in contrast, to focus on an important element or to build of volume.

  48. Vermeer, The Geographer, 1668, oil on canvas

  49. Neoclassicism:A late 18th to early 19th Century style of art characterized by a return to the rational arts of the Classical world. Coincided with the French Revolution. Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii

  50. Romanticism:A late 18th to early 19th Century style of art characterized by heightened emotions, dramatic scale and impact, and spiritualism. Romantic artists, like Goya, Delacroix, Gericault, preferred to depict actual historical events and allegory. Theodore Gericault, The Raft of the Medusa, 1818

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