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Semantics and Services

Semantics and Services. Dieter Fensel DERI International. PVA: Semantische Technologien Die Zukunft des E-Business Wirtschaftkammer Österreich 26-April-2006. Dieter Fensel <dieter.fensel>@deri.org. But first a few words about us….

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Semantics and Services

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  1. Semantics and Services Dieter Fensel DERI International PVA: Semantische Technologien Die Zukunft des E-Business Wirtschaftkammer Österreich 26-April-2006 Dieter Fensel <dieter.fensel>@deri.org

  2. But first a few words about us… • Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI) - our vision is to make the Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services a reality enabling fully flexible eCommerce for small, medium-sized and large enterprises. • Semantic Web Services have the potential to become a key-enabling infrastructure for Knowledge Management and eWork, Enterprise Application Integration, and eCommerce • In consequence, Semantic Web Services are one of the key areas of applied computer science

  3. DERI International – Status DERIStanford DERIGalway DERIInnsbruck DERISeoul

  4. DERI International – Status DERI International € 42 Mio DERI Seoul € 5,5 Mio DERI Stanford € 2 Mio DARPA, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency: 0,15M€ DARPA, subcontracted through NRL (Naval Research Laboratory: 1,85M€ Korean Ministry of Health & Welfare: 4M€ Ministry of Information And Communication: 1,2M€ DERI Innsbruck € 15,5 Mio European Commission: €10,1M€ Tiroler Zukunftsstiftung: 2M€ TransIt: 1,4M€ FFF/FFG/WWFF: 1,5M€ BMBWK: 0,5M€ DERI Galway € 19 Mio SFI: 12M€ European Union: €6,6M Enterprise Ireland: 0,3M€

  5. DERI International – Status (July 2005) Projects that DERI is involved in (around 188M€): • ASG: 12 M€ COG: 2 M€ • DERI Lion: 12 M€ DIP: 18 M€ • DSSE: 0.4M€ Eastweb: 1 M€ • Esperonto: 3 M€ E-Swan: 0,5M€ • Grisino: 0,5M€ H-techsight: 3M€ • Infrawebs: 3M€ Knowledge Web: 8 M€ • LBSCULT: 0,2M€ M3PE: 0,2 M€ • Musing: 15M€ Nepomuk: 16 M€ • Ontoweb: 2M€ RW2: 0.4M€ • Salero: 14M€ SAOR: 0,3 M€ • SEKT: 13M€ SEEMP: 5M€ • Semantic Gov: 5 M€ Sembiz: 0,6M€ • SemNetMan: 0.5M€ Sense: 0,7M€ • SUPER: 15 M€ Swing: 4 M€ • SWWS: 3 M€ SystemOne: 2.1M€ • TRIPCOM: 5M€ Interoperable EHR: 16M€ • Semantic Service Engine 4M€ TSC: 0.3M€ • GGP Testbed 0,15M€ Learning Evaluation: 1.85M€

  6. DERI – Team 2005

  7. DERI 2006 - 2007 (Future Plans )

  8. The Technological Vision

  9. Semantically Empowered Service-oriented Architectures (SESA) • Currently, computer science is in a new period of abstraction. • A generation ago we learnt to abstract from hardware and currently we learn to abstract from software in terms of SERVICE oriented architectures (SOA). • It is the service that counts for a customer and not the specific software or hardware that is used to implement the service. • In a later stage, we may even talk in terms of problem-oriented architectures (or more positively expressed in terms of problem-solving oriented architectures) because SOAs are biased towards the service provider and not towards the customer that has a problem that needs to be solved.

  10. Semantically Empowered Service-oriented Architecture (SESA) • Service-oriented architectures will become quickly the leading software paradigm • However, SOAs will not scale without significant mechanization of • Service discovery, service adaptation, negotiation, service composition, service invocation, and service monitoring; and • Data and process mediation • Therefore, machine processable semantics needs to be added to bring SOAs to their full potential • Development of open standards (languages) and open source architectures and tools that add semantics to service descriptions

  11. The SESA Manifesto (M. Brodie et al.) The operation system of the 21st century based on semantics

  12. Background

  13. Semantic Web and Web Services 500 million user more than 3 billion pages WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Static

  14. Semantic Web and Web Services • Serious Problems in • information finding, • information extracting, • Information representing, • information interpreting and information maintaining. Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Static

  15. Semantic Web and Web Services • Bringing the computer back as a device for computation Web Services UDDI, WSDL, SOAP Dynamic Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Static

  16. Semantic Web and Web Services • Bringing the Web to its full potential Intelligent Web Services Web Services UDDI, WSDL, SOAP Dynamic Semantic Web RDF, RDF(S), OWL WWW URI, HTML, HTTP Static

  17. State-of-the-Art in (non-semantic) Web Services

  18. Usage Process • Publishing create & publish Web service description • Discovery determine usable services for a request • Composition combine services to achieve a goal • Selection choose most appropriate service among the available ones • Mediation solve mismatches (data, protocol, process) that hamper interoperation • Execution invoke Web services following programmatic conventions

  19. Mechanization of Finding, Comparing, Data and Process Mediation • Mechanized support is needed in finding and comparing service providers and their offers • Machine processable semantics of information allow to mechanize these tasks • Mechanized support is needed in dealing with numerous and heterogeneous data formats • Ontology technology is required to define such standards better and to map between them • Mechanized support is needed in dealing with numerous and heterogeneous business and application logics • Mediation is needed to compensate these differences, allowing partners to cooperate properly

  20. Concepts & Technological Basis

  21. DERI – W<Triple> W<Triple> which stands for: • WSMO: A conceptual model for describing service oriented architectures • WSML: A formal language for describing service oriented architectures • WSMX: A service oriented architecture • Triple space: A shared space for heterogeneous services that communicate via persistent publication

  22. DERI – W<Triple> A Conceptual Model for Semantic Web Services A Formal Language for WSMO Execution Environment for WSMO A Rule Language for the Semantic Web

  23. Concepts & Technological Basis (1): WSMO (www.wsmo.org) Four top level elements = Cornerstones of conceptual model Objectives that a client may have when consulting a Web Service Provide the formally specified terminology of the information used by all other components Semantic description of Web Services: • Capability (functional) • Interfaces (behavioral) Connectors between components with mediation facilities for handling heterogeneities

  24. Concepts & Technological Basis (1): WSMO The big challenge of defining a Semantic Web service • Capabilities • What is a service able to do? • What are the requirements on the input and output? • Preconditions, Assumptions, Postconditions and Effects need to be defined. • Interfaces • How can a service be accessed? • How does a service solve its task?  Choreography and Orchestration of services need to be defined.

  25. Concepts & Technological Basis (2): WSML WSML Full WSML Rule WSML DL WSML Core RDF (S) XML Unicode URI WSML: The Web Service Modeling Language A family of language layered on top of XML and RDF.

  26. Concepts & Technological Basis (2): WSML A set of concrete languages for the various tasks: • Ontology / Rule Languages (static view) • WSML Core • efficiency and compatibility • WSML DL • decidability, open world semantics • WSML Rule • efficient existing rule engines • WSML Full • unifying language, theorem proving • Languages for dynamics • Transaction Logic over ASMs • Mapping languages • for dynamics (process mediation) • for data (data mediation)

  27. Concepts & Technological Basis (2): WSML W3C Semantic Web Language Layer Cake revised version, Tim-Berners-Lee 2005

  28. Concepts & Technological Basis (3): WSMX WSMX: The Web Service EXecution Environment • A service oriented architecture. • Reference implementation of SESA and WSMO

  29. Concepts & Technological Basis (4): Triple Space Publishing Message Web Services Triple Space Machine net Human net email web

  30. Concepts & Technological Basis (4): Triple Space Communication platform for Semantic Web services based on Web principles: • “Persistently publish and read • semantic data that is denoted • by unique identifiers” Fundamentals: • Space-based computing – sharing information, knowledge • RDF triples of the form: <subject, predicate, object> • URI – Uniform Resource Identifier

  31. Concepts & Technological Basis (4): Triple Space Triple Spaces allow for: • Time autonomy • Location autonomy • Reference autonomy • Vocabulary autonomy  Triple Spaces provide a communication paradigm for anonymous, asynchronous information exchange that ensure the persistency and unique identification of the communicated semantic data.

  32. Dissemination • The SDK (SEKT, DIP, Knowledge Web) Cluster has strategically aligned with ASG (Adaptive Services Grid) resulting in the formation of the European Semantic Systems initiative (ESSI) cluster. • The new ESSI Cluster combines Semantic Web Services and Semantically empowered system solutions with Semantically empowered service-oriented architectures • ASG will add value to the new ESSI cluster by providing a proof-of-concept prototype of an open platform for adaptive services discovery, creation, composition and enactment.

  33. Standardization • Done • WSMO and WRL submitted to W3C (member submissions) • W3C Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services • In progress • OASIS Semantic Execution Environment Technical Committee • W3C Rule Interchange Format Working Group • In preparation • W3C Semantic Annotation for Web Services Working Group • W3C Semantics for Web Services Characterization Group

  34. W3C Member Submissions • Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) • Submitted by DERI Innsbruck, DERI Galway, BT, The Open University, and SAP AG on 04 April 2005 • Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) • Web Service Modeling Language (WSML) • Web Service Execution Environment (WSMX) • Relationship of WSMO to relevant other technologies • WSMO Primer • Published on 3 June 2005 • See W3C Staff Comment: www.w3.org/Submission/2005/06/Comment • Web Rule Language (WRL) • Submitted by DERI Galway, DERI Innsbruck, The Open University, Software AG, Forschungszentrum Informatik (FZI), BT, and National Research Council Canada on 21 June 2005 • Web Rule Language (WRL) • XML Schema for WRL/XML Serialization • Relationship of WRL to relevant other technologies • See www.w3.org/Submission/2005/08/ • Published on 9 September 2005 • See W3C Staff Comment: www.w3.org/Submission/2005/08/Comment

  35. W3C Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services • Hosted in Innsbruck by DERI on 9-10 June 2005 • Conclusion • Strong interest in various forms of pre-standardization work, e.g. an Incubator Activity or a Characterization work • Some users feel that standardization would benefit their efforts and the larger community • However, there does not appear to be a clear momentum at present towards a W3C recommendation track in this area. Reasons for this include: • the preference of the WS community for a "go-slow" approach • these technologies is primarily in research and/or prototyping efforts at present; • lack of vendor commitment to provide tools and other forms of support; • See www.w3.org/2005/04/FSWS/workshop-report

  36. OASIS SEE TC • « The OASIS SEE TC aims to continue work initiated by the WSMX project and several other projects in Europe such as DIP, ASG and other projects in the area of Semantic Web Services which will start in the coming months. The aim of the SEE TC is to provide guidelines, justifications and implementation directions for an execution environment for Semantic Web services. The resulting architecture will incorporate the application of semantics to service-oriented systems and will provide intelligent mechanisms for consuming Semantic Web services » (Charter) • First F2F meeting held 11 November 2005 • Co-chairs: D. Fensel (DERI), M. Zaremba (DERI) • Membership: 27 participants from 12 organisations • Deliverables and schedule: • Semantic Web Services Architecture and Information Model • Technical specification • December 2007 (DIP deliverable D6.14) • Services Specification -- Execution Semantics for Semantics-Enabled systems • Technical specification • December 2007 (DIP deliverable D6.15) • Technical reports and white papers as required www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=semantic-ex

  37. Application Areas & Market Prospects

  38. Application Areas & Market Prospects • Application Areas • Knowledge Management • Enterprise Application Integration • E-Commerce (B2C and B2B) • E-Government • … many more SESA = enabling technology for the 21st century • Market Prospects: • 2006 / 07: Technology Development & Dissemination • 2008: Break Even Point / ROI • 2010: Commercialization (40 – 60 billion dollar market)

  39. Market Development (Gartner)

  40. Estimated Market in 2010 for Semantic Technology Semantic Web Market

  41. Acknowledgements The work presented is funded by the European Commission under the projects ASG, DIP, Knowledge Web, SEKT, SWWS, AKT and Esperonto; by Science Foundation Ireland under the DERI-Lion project; and by the Austrian government under the FIT-IT program. We would like to acknowledge all the authors contributing to SESA vision: Michael Brodie1, Christoph Bussler2, Jos de Brujin3, Thomas Fahringer4, Dieter Fensel3,5, Martin Hepp3, Holger Lausen3, Dumitru Roman3, Thomas Strang3, Hannes Werthner6, and Michal Zaremba3,51 Verizon, USA2 Cisco, USA3 DERI Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria4 Institute for Computer Science, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria5 DERI Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland6 Department for Information Systems and e-tourism, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Austria

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