What is a Revolution?

1. What is a Revolution? • Revolutio “to revolve” “a turn around” • A sudden, radical, or complete change – Merriam Webster • A fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time. - Wiki • A fundamental change in political organization to overthrow or denunciation of one government or rule and the substitution of another. • Name some revolutions, revolutionaries, revolutionary things or ideas.

2. Revolution and Flip Flops?

3. Leading Up to the Revolution

4. Essential Question • What drove the colonists to declare independence from Great Britain? • Remember to keep returning to this question.

5. 1. Proclamation of 1763 • King George III creates it, after French and Indian War. • Colonists cannot settle West of __________________ Mountains. • Colonists are angry because they feel they fought and earned the land. • Colonists cannot speculate now. • King George does it to maintain _____________.

6. How will King enforce the laws? • 2. Quartering Act – law requiring colonists to __________ British soldiers. • Colonists worried soldiers were there to control their movements and restrict their ______________.

7. Taxation without Representation! • 3. Sugar Act – tax placed on ________, molasses and other products shipped to colonies. • 4, Stamp Act – tax that required all legal and commercial documents to carry a ________ to prove the tax had been paid. (wills, contracts, diplomas, etc.) • Why so many taxes? • Britain had HUGE _______ from the _________________________ War. • Costs a lot to keep ____________ in the colonies.

8. Why were colonists upset about the Stamp Act?

9. Why worry about the taxes? • 5. Parliament had no right to tax the colonists – the colonial assemblies should be doing that. • 6. No tax should be created without their consent. • (TAXATION WITHOUT _________________!)

10. Patrick Henry • Virginia legislator • Famous for saying…. “ Give me __________, or give me __________.”

11. Response to the Taxes? • 1765 – delegates from nine states met and wrote ___________ protesting Stamp ACT! • Organize – Sons of Liberty – secret society to oppose British policies. Stage peaceful and ________ protests against Parliament. • Complain – Stamp Act Congress – first colonial meeting to considering acting together to ___________. • Boycott – widespread ____________ to buy British goods. (don’t buy the tea, don’t buy the sugar, etc.) • 7. Britain does repeal Stamp Act but in its place they put ___________Act- which stated Parliament had supreme authority over colonies. Not a tax but allowed Parliament to impose any tax, any time.

12. 8. Townshend Acts • With the stamp act repealed, Britain still needed money, so they came up with Townshend Acts. • It placed a new duty or ________ on imports. • Also allowed British officers to issue writs of assistance or _____________ ______________ to enter and search houses for smuggled or illegal goods. • Glass • Paint • Paper • Lead • Tea

13. Response to Townshend • _________________ without _________________ • Goes against natural rights (John Locke – life, liberty, property – Enlightenment) • Boycott • Unite in common cause • Daughters of Liberty – women encourage women to weave own cloth, use American goods. • Maintain peaceful protest – no violence – no mobs • Britain sends more troops worrying about violent response

14. 9. Boston Massacre • More than 1,000 troops in Boston because of rising tensions. • Some Bostonians, young boys and dockworkers start harassing redcoats (_______________) they trade insults. Snowballs/bricks thrown and redcoats fire. • 5 People killed – including Crispus Attucks (the first person killed in the American Revolution.)

15. Boston Massacre, cont’d. • Bostonians are _______________! • Call the men who are killed heroes. • Redcoats involved are charged with _______! • John Adams serves as their ____________. • Argues self-defense and they deserve a fair trial . • Serves as a symbol of British tyranny.

16. Name 2 other items taxed in the Sugar Act. • That from and after the twenty ninth day of September, one thousand seven hundred and sixty four, there shall be raised, levied, collected, and paid, unto his Majesty, his heirs and successors, for and upon all white or clayed sugars of the produce or manufacture of any colony or plantation in America, not under the dominion of his Majesty, his heirs and successors; for and upon indigo, and coffee of foreign produce or manufacture; for and upon wines (except French wine;) for and upon all wrought silks, bengals, and stuffs, mixed with silk or herbs of the manufacture of Persia, China, or East India, and all callico painted, dyed, printed, or stained there; and for and upon all foreign linen cloth called Cambrick and French Lawns, which shall be imported or brought into any colony or plantation in America, which now is, or hereafter may be, under the dominion of his Majesty, his heirs and successors, the several rates and duties following; that is to say,

17. Welcome! 11.4.2013 • Come in and sit quietly. • Have your notes and vocabulary out. • French and Indian Powerpoints – I am missing LOTS of them! I need them by tomorrow! • Model UN – Today I expect MOST if not all groups to be in at lunch! Resolutions – FINAL Copies are due no later than tomorrow!

18. Economic Interference • Boycotts are ________ effective. • 10. Townshend Acts are repealed! But they keep the ______ Tax to prove they still hold the power. • Colonists are angry and boycott the tea, and then smuggle tea from ___________.

19. Colonial Unity • Committees of Correspondence – groups that communicate with neighboring ______________.

20. Boston Tea Party • Sons of Liberty dress as ______________ so they won’t be ________________. • December 17. 1763 • Destroy 342 chests of tea – do not harm people or ship! • Peaceful protest

22. Militia • You see the militia and minutemen in Johnny Tremain. • Militia – force of armed civilians pledged to defend their community. • Minutemen – colonists trained to be “ready in a moment’s warning.”

23. 11. Coercive/Intolerable Acts • GB response to Boston Tea Party • Meant to punish colonies. • Close port of Boston until tea is paid for. • Ban town meetings • Replaced elected council with appointed ones. • British troops can take over private homes.

24. First Continental Congress • Delegates from ALL colonies except Georgia. • Meet in ____________ • Vote to: • Ban all trade with Britain until Intolerable Acts repealed. • Very important – they don’t want to be ________________ yet but they do want their rights!!!

25. The Revolution Begins… • Colonists have complained, sent petitions, made arguments, protested, boycotted, but eventually turn to violence and WAR! • General Gage finds out that Massachusetts militia has a large store of guns and _________. • Redcoats are told to arrest Sam Adams and John Hancock in Lexington and destroy the guns.

26. The Revolution Begins… • Sons of Liberty are informed by a spy and send Paul revere and William Dawes to alert everyone. (remember in Johnny Tremain) Two people go to: • ___________________ • One if by _________, two if by _________. • __________ lanterns are put in the Old north church to signal British troops are leaving by _________.

27. Lexington and Concord • Nearly 4,000 Militia meet up with 70 Redcoats • Shot heard round the world. – Who shot it? • Which side would you join? • ______________ - those who supported British. • ______________ - those who sided with the rebels.

28. Declaring Independence • Redcoats retreat to Boston and militia surrounds Boston. • Boston is under _______ (surrounded by military forces) • The Greatest Divorce on Earth is about to begin!

29. Continental Army • May 10, 1775 – Second Continental Congress meets in ______________. • Agree to create ____________________________. • Commanding General: ___________________ • Delegates: • John and Sam Adams • John Hancock • George Washington • Benjamin Franklin • Patrick Henry

30. Battle of Bunker Hill • http://www.history.com/videos/britain-wins-a-costly-victory-at-bunker-hill#britain-wins-a-costly-victory-at-bunker-hill • “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.”

31. Olive Branch Petition • “The let’s try and work it out one more time petition.” • Moderates – • Last ditch effort to appeal to the King. • King George III _____________ the petition and even takes new steps to ______________ the colonies.

32. Rebellion becomes Revolution • Thomas Paine – writes pamphlet called “Common Sense.” • All men should have right to ___________. • King George III = Royal Brute • Common Sense sells 100,000 copies – very popular.

33. A Time for Decision • June 7, 1776 – Richard Henry Lee introduces the resolution that called colonies, “free and independent STATES.” • “ All political connection between them and the state of Great Britain is totally dissolved.” • Committee is appointed to compose Declaration of Independence. – final divorce paper! • Benjamin Franklin • John Adams • Thomas Jefferson – actually writes it, good writer and from VA – done in two weeks • Roger Sherman • Robert Livingston • Declaration adopted on ______________, 1776.