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When Cultures Collide: generic cultural differences

When Cultures Collide: generic cultural differences. Minjuan Wang Educational Technology San Diego State University mwang@mail.sdsu.edu. What is Culture?. What is Culture? . Beliefs and behaviors accepted within communities

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When Cultures Collide: generic cultural differences

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  1. When Cultures Collide:generic cultural differences Minjuan Wang Educational Technology San Diego State University mwang@mail.sdsu.edu

  2. What is Culture?

  3. What is Culture? • Beliefs and behaviors accepted within communities • that may range from small family units to national or intra-national systems • Signs (body language, symbols) • Tools (other behavioral patterns and procedures set to function within the culture

  4. Shakehands • In the US? • mutual understanding and agreement • In Middle Eastern Countries? • 'serious' negotiations are just beginning. • Japan? • Seinfeld episode • China?

  5. Many Types… • Ethnic culture • Speak up, motivation (extrinsic, intrinsic) • Local culture • Using examples • Academic culture • Honesty, grading scales, teamwork • Disciplinary culture

  6. Why Culture? • Global online learning reaching 160 million by 2025 • Even a small slice of that would mean handsome financial returns to the universities (Goodfellow, 2001, p.65).

  7. The World is Flat!

  8. The 10 Forces • Open sourcing • Out sourcing • Offshoring • Running with Ganelles, eating with lions • Insourcing • Your world is synchronized! • In-forming • The Steroids • Digital, Mobile, Personal, Virtual • The Berlin Wall (89) • Netscape went public (95) • Let’s do lunch: have your application talk to my application • Web-enabled workflow; the vast network of “underground pluming”

  9. Is Learning….. • Abstract rules, concepts, facts, processes, skills, or procedures? • Or the construction of internal models of outside reality • consistent with their understanding of the cultural contexts in which they operate. (Pincas, 2001, p. 31).

  10. Models of Cross-Cultural Instructional Interaction • Looking at culture from the schema theory • “Culture can be seen as a body of knowledge contained in schemata whereby culturally appropriate behavior is generated” (Thompson, 1998 in Wilson, 2001, p. 53)

  11. Models of Cross-Cultural Instructional Interaction • Cultural discontinuities occur when the schemata of a learner and instructional designer do not correspond.

  12. Cultural Discontinuities • Unfamiliar seas with schematic signs and tools • Following are some mismatch between schemas

  13. Humors that are not funny • Seinfeld commercial for American Express • Confucian and Buddaist (truth, sincerity, politeness) • Will Sarcasm and Crazy jokes work? • Jokes about religion, sex, minorities, older people; black humor • Germans and Japanese • If no one laughs, tell them to a Korean • Turkish jokes

  14. International Humor • Let’s write about elephants • Hunting elephants in British East Africa • The love life of elephants in French Equatorial Africa • The origin and development of the Indian elephant in the year 1200-1950 (600 pages) • How to breed bigger and better elephants

  15. International Humor (2) • How we sent an elephant to the moon • Elephant and the welfare state • Techniques of elephant fighting • Spaniard • As a means of transportation before railway • What the elephants think about us? • Norway and Norway’s mountains

  16. A Way with Words • Germany • Next week I should become a new car • What is your death line (deadline)? • Japan • I have spilt up my boyfriend • My father is a doctor, my mother is a typerwriter • Are you hopeful of any change? I am hopeless.

  17. Mismatch between Schemas • Body languages • A-OK: obscene in Brazil; $$ in Japan • Touching a child’s head? • not in south-east Asia • Avoiding eye contact: suspicious? • Stare and Blinking eyes? • Widened eyes • Astonishment or anger?

  18. Culture-Specific Advertising • First bite at the Big Apple • Fly United Airlines • DELTA SERVICE • Every year we fly more people than the largest airlines of Great Britain, Germany and France..Combined

  19. Culture-Specific Advertising • Lufthansa • There's no better way to fly • Eastern Airlines • We have to earn our wings every day.Eastern Airlines. The Wings of Man. • Air France • Air France. One of the best places on earth

  20. More Airline Ads • Bangkok Airways • Asia's boutique airline - Exclusive Service to Exotic Gems • Braniff Airways • We Better be Better, We're Braniff  If You've Got It, Flaunt It

  21. Martin Airline, flying their planes way too close for comfort?

  22. Categorizing Culture • Linear-active, Multi-active, Reactive • See handouts • Japanese, Chinese: listening culture but lengthy discourse to attain ultimate harmony • Dialogue-oriented or data-oriented

  23. From Dialogue to Data-oriented • 1. Latin Americans • 2. Italians, Spanish, Portuguese, French • 3. Arabs, Africans • 4. Indians, Parkistanis • 5.Chileans • 6. Hungarians, Romanians • 7. Slaves • 8. American subcultures • 9. Benelux • 10. British, Australians • 11. Scandinavians • 12. North Americans, New Z, South A • 13. Germans, Swiss

  24. Why are they so quiet? • Listening culture! • Allow ideas to mature • Tend to be accommodating in decisions • Resilience! • Economic success • Japan, Asian tigers, Finland

  25. The Use of Time (1) • Past-----present--------future • Can’t bear to be idle • Past (over) • Present: today’s tasks (A->B->C->D->E) • Future (plans for Jan. worries for Feb.) • 8 hours of his time cost $400!

  26. The Use of Time (2) • Southern Europeans • Multi-active • Best way to invest their time? • Complete a human transaction • Priority: thrill or significance of each meeting • Italian: “why are you so angry because I came at 9.30?” • German, “because it says 9am in my diary” • “Why don’t you write 9.30 and then we’ll both be happy?”

  27. Punctuality in Spain • Messes up schedules • A (start late), B, C(merges with Lunch) D(not starting until 4:30) E(delayed) F (cancelled or meet in bar) • A subjective commodity; manipulated • “My time is up; I have to rush” • Spaniard or Arab, only use these if death were imminent

  28. Chinese? • Value time • Penchant for humility • Expect generous allocation of time for discussion • Dwell on details of a transaction • Walk around the pool to make decisions • Careful nurturing of personal relationships

  29. More topics from When Cultures Collide • Leadership styles (handout) • Horizons and Team building (some nice charts)—(p. 86) • Bridging the communication gap • Manners and Taboos • Audience expectations during presentation (handout) • Online/Video Games (welcomeJoe) • Profile of many culture: • good references if you need them!

  30. Add some Graphics Here • Managing styles • The collision of Japanese and Latin culture • Characters of Multicultural manager • For Day 2 • Tips for training and motivating Asians • For Day 2

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