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Reality Check: Education, Research and Development in Latin America

This text discusses the current state of education, research, and development in Latin America, highlighting the challenges and opportunities in the region. It provides statistics on investment in R&D, number of researchers, and higher education programs in various fields. The text also includes references to relevant reports and publications.

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Reality Check: Education, Research and Development in Latin America

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  1. Hopi saying: does this talk grow corn?

  2. Reality Check: Education, Research and Development

  3. REST OF USA WORLD 35% 21% JAPAN 15% EUROPE 29% Information Technology • Teledensity (telephone lines per 100 inhabitants) • Industrialized nations is over 48 • Middle-income nations around 10 • Least advanced countries is about 1.5 • World average is 11.5 • Informatics gap (PC ratio per 100 inhabitants) • Industrialized nations is over 18 • Middle-income nations around 2.3 • Least advanced countries is about 0.01 IT MARKET SHARE

  4. Latin America Y2K There are hidden resources in Latin America. • 100 million without basic education; 44 million illiterate • 44% of LAC are poor, 211 million Population Growth By Y2K 600 500 400 Millions 300 200 100 0 Latin America North Russia Europe America

  5. Who does S&T? • G-7 nations: • industry does 50-70% of S&T • resources for S&T come from government and industry • majority of resources are spent in industry • USA: • basic R&D sponsored primarily by the government • applied R&D sponsored primarily by industry and government • universities perform basic R&D • Latin America: • R&D primarily sponsored by the government

  6. Who does S&T? • Brazil, Costa Rica, Chile, and Cuba are the only countries in Latin America with greater than 1% investment of GDP in R&D. • Japan 2.7% • Germany 2.4% • United States 2.4% • Brazil 1.3 % • Canada 1.6% • Spain 0.9% • Russia Less than 0.5% • Latin American average is 0.5%

  7. Who does S&T? • Expenditure in S&T • USA $265 billion (68% industry) • Canada $11 billion • Brazil $5 billion • Spain $5.4 billion • Mexico $1.7 billion • Argentina $1.5 billion • Human Resources in S&T • USA researchers 1 million • Latin American researchers 126 k (Brazil 50k, Arg 29k, Mex 15k) • Spain and Portugal 63k • Canada 100k • Rest under 10k

  8. Scientists and Engineers in Brazil, South Korea and USA Scientists and Engineers 15.185 70.000 12.336 128.500 48.588 56.760 764.500 74.665 8.765 Source: http://.most.go.kr/research-e/3-3.htm http://www.ifi.unicamp.br/~brito

  9. Indicators

  10. Indicators

  11. Indicators

  12. Indicators

  13. Indicators

  14. Labor Force in R&D • USA and Japan 0.8% • Korea 0.4% • Brazil 0.11% Mean value in developed nations is 0.54%

  15. Publications and Patents • OECD nations: • 14% of world population • generate 86% of publications and 85% of patents • 3,000 S&E per 100,000 people • Invest 2.4% of GNP in R&D • Latin America and Caribbean: • 300 S&E per 100,000 people • Invest 0.5% of GNP in R&D In 1997: LAC over 500 million people, filed 1,708 patents. Israel over 6 million, filed 1796 patents.

  16. IEEE information used around the world

  17. Higher Education • LAC: 20% population • For every 100 individuals 35 finish • OECD: 81% population • Asia: 28% • Korea: 36%

  18. Higher Education • LAC: 1,963 PhD programs, 269 institutions, in 14 countries. • Concentrated in Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, and Venezuela. • Brazil, Cuba, Mexico: 80% of PhD programs. • Limited offer: Chile, Colombia, Peru, Costa Rica and Uruguay • Extremely low offer: Bolivia, Ecuador, Honduras and Panama. • No offer: El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay, and Dominican Republic.

  19. Higher Education • 36% of institutions offer one (1) PhD program • 70% of institutions offer 1-5 PhD programs • 13% of 2000 institutions in LAC can offer a PhD program 50% of PhD programs are offered by 7.4% of the total number of institutions that offer at least 1 program Majority of PhD programs are concentrated in 1% of the total number of institutions

  20. Higher Education • PhD programs: • Humanities and Social Sciences – 31% • Natural and Exact Sciences – 27% • Medicine – 14% • Technology and Engineering – 14% • Agro Sciences – 9% • Earth Sciences and Space – 4.3%

  21. References • La Oferta de Formación Doctoral en América Latina   • Jesús Sebastián • Centro de Información y Documentación Científica (CINDOC) • Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, España • NSF Science and Engineering Indicators, 2002 • EE Times, October 2000 • Informe sobre necesidades de empleo y formacion en las Nuevas Tecnologias de la Informacion y las Comunicaciones, Madrid, Marzo 6-7, 2001 • Oportunidades y desafíos tecnológicos: La brecha digital y la revolución biotecnológica. Quindi Franco y Nelson Viloria, CAF.

  22. References • Universidade Pública e Desenvolvimento   • Carlos H. de Brito Cruz, Reitor UNICAMP • A Universidade, a Empresa e a Pesquisa que o País Precisa   • Carlos H. de Brito Cruz, Reitor UNICAMP • ISTEC Publications 1990-2001 • IEEE presentation to ISTEC Board of Directors, Dr. Raymond D. Findlay

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