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AIRCRAFT WITHOUT ADF RECEIVER

AIRCRAFT WITHOUT ADF RECEIVER. B. Rabiller / DGAC /DCS Dublin, CNS/ATM Steering Group 21-22 June 2006. Overview. Why? Regulation Airborne installation and Ground infrastructure ECAC navigation strategy Proposed way to progress Roadmap Open issues Recommendation. WHY?.

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AIRCRAFT WITHOUT ADF RECEIVER

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  1. AIRCRAFT WITHOUT ADF RECEIVER B. Rabiller / DGAC /DCS Dublin, CNS/ATM Steering Group 21-22 June 2006

  2. Overview • Why? • Regulation • Airborne installation and Ground infrastructure • ECAC navigation strategy • Proposed way to progress • Roadmap • Open issues • Recommendation Aircraft without ADF

  3. WHY? • Navaid ground infrastructure evolves • ECIP NAV 06 “Rationalization of navigation infrastructure”. • GNSS navigation possible in all phases of flight except cat II/III Precision Approaches • ADF is only an option for certain aircraft models (e.g. A 340-500/600) • ADF is not at all installed in certain Part 23 IFR aircraft (e.g. CIRRUS) • Some airlines already fly in European airspace without ADF receiver onboard Aircraft without ADF

  4. REGULATIONCommercial air transportation • JAR OPS 1.865 (c).(1) permits to have aircraft without ADF if this system is not required in any phase of the flight planned • In addition JAR OPS 1.865 (c).(1) specifies that operation w/o ADF possible provided that a/c is equipped with alternative eqt authorised for the route being flown. • The reliability and accuracy of alternative eqt must allow safe navigation for the intended route. • ACJ 1.865: IFR operation w/o ADF • Only possible if ADF not essential for navigation provided alternative eqt provides equivalent or better performance. • Operational limitations: • Route segments not rely solely on ADF • ADF/NDB procedure are not flown • MEL is revisited • Flight crew training should include ADF non-installation in initial and recurrent training Aircraft without ADF

  5. REGULATIONGeneral Aviation • No specific requirement in ICAO Annex 6 • For instance: • IFR French regulation requires: • An ADF or an equivalent system • All necessary eqt to respect published route, trajectories and procedures for the planned flight including alternate airport. • UK air navigation regulation–The Order and Regulation • Section 1 Schedule 5 “Radio-communication and radio-navigation equipment to be carried in aircraft” . An ADF receiver is required.

  6. Airborne Installation and Ground Infrastructure • A/C are evolving in ATM environment not identical from one country to another one • Different NDB ground station density • NDB approaches designed as conventional or as overlay • Infrastructure on large and medium/small airport may be different • Is a single answer from an aircraft point of view possible? • A case by case assessment is necessary • May be acceptable for an airline operating on large airport • May be unacceptable for general aviation if NDB approaches exists and are not overlaid. • In US or Australia ADF is no more required but the airspace policy was developed in that sense (overlay approach, NDB de-commissioning,..) Aircraft without ADF

  7. ECAC Strategy Navigation Infrastructure Today Aircraft without ADF

  8. ECAC StrategyPolicy for Reducing NDB • En-route NDBs to be removed from operation (review AIP for designation E/A) • Conventional SID/STAR/NPA based on NDB/DME: • Replace by VOR/DME • Remove/replace by RNAV SID/STAR after 2010 (where RNAV becomes mandatory) • Remove/replace by RNAV NPA or APV until 2015 where operationally beneficial and cost efficient • Retain one procedure per aerodrome/TMA until 2015 where operationally beneficial and cost efficient • Holding and MAPt • Replace by RNAV along with RNAV procedures • Retain one holding and/or MAPt fix per aerodrome until 2015 where operationally beneficial and cost efficient • Ref facilities for loss of Comms: • replace with RNAV fixes where RNAV becomes mandatory • Retain one per aerodrome until 2015 where operationally beneficial and cost efficient • NDBs not required for international operations should be withdrawn from route/aerodrome charges schemes.

  9. Proposed way to progress (1/3) • To define the ADF equivalent system • Easy • IFR GNSS based system (stand-alone or integrated nav system) approved for the corresponding phase of flight (e.g. SID/STAR) • Is it possible to have aircraft w/o ADF for Enroute operation? • Yes • Less and less Enroute NDB • An approved IFR GNSS based system (e.g. BRNAV) is necessary • GNSS Prediction necessary (RAIM or FDE) Aircraft without ADF

  10. Proposed way to progress (2/3) • Is it possible to have aircraft w/o ADF for SID/STAR? • Possible if certain criteria are respected • From a procedure point of view, SID/STAR may be based on NDB: • NDB Fly over • NDB Holding • Define a Course • A SID/STAR approved IFR GNSS based system is necessary provided: • Whole procedure is stored in nav data base • Procedure is published in WGS 84 • GNSS Prediction is checked (RAIM or FDE) • Nav data base integrity is demonstrated: LOA or manual verification Aircraft without ADF

  11. Proposed way to progress (3/3) • Is it possible to have aircraft w/o ADF for NDB approaches or approaches (e.g. ILS) with NDB missed approach? • Possible for NDB approaches only if procedure published as an overlay • Flyability checked • Obstacle protection verified • Coordinates published in WGS 84 • An approved IFR GNSS based system for approach operation is necessary provided: • Whole procedure is stored in nav data base • GNSS Prediction is checked (RAIM or FDE) • Nav data base integrity is demonstrated: LOA or manual verification • A non based GNSS approach is available at the destination or at the alternate • Not possible if NDB approaches are not published as overlay • Not possible for approaches (e.g. ILS) with NDB missed approach. • Crew workload • Human factor • Procedure design Aircraft without ADF

  12. ROADMAP • First Check your regulation (aircraft and airspace) • For commercial air transportation • For General aviation • Assess the navaid infrastructure: • NDB Density • Airport categories having NDB approaches (large, medium, small) • Characterise the backup navigation infrastructure (VOR,DME,ILS,..) • A/C without ADF possible for Enroute operation • With an approved GNSS based navigation system • A/C without ADF possible for Terminal operation • With an approved GNSS based navigation system (SID/STAR) • Procedure published in WGS 84 • A/C without ADF for Approach operation: • Possible if the NDB procedure is published as an overlay • With an approved GNSS based navigation system • A non GNSS approach available at the destination or at the alternate • Not possible if the NDB procedure is not published as an overlay • Not possible for approaches (e.g. ILS) having a “missed” based on NDB

  13. OPEN ISSUES • Is GNSS availability sufficient? • Is FDE necessary to improve GNSS availability? • Is navigation continuity sufficient? • Is a single GNSS system onboard sufficient? • VOR and DME must be still be fitted onboard • Role of NDB in supporting BRNAV and PRNAV as a reversionary capabilities • Need to check existing safety case • If ground NDB density is important: • Management of aircraft w/o ADF in IFR is an issue • May be acceptable for commercial air transportation whereas it could be unacceptable for general aviation Aircraft without ADF

  14. Recommendation • Requires a close coordination with Eurocontrol and ANSPs • Aircraft without ADF is a reality and the problem should be addressed ASAP • JAA developed a policy some years ago for commercial air transportation (JAR OPS). • It is highly recommended to have a similar process for non public transport aircraft but answers could be different: • What is the more relevant process to address this issue ? • A European letter giving general guidelines for having an harmonized implementing process • Other proposal? Aircraft without ADF

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