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Human Reproduction

Human Reproduction. Expected Outcomes. Male Reproductive System. identifying the structures of the male reproductive system and describing their functions;

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Human Reproduction

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  1. Human Reproduction Expected Outcomes

  2. Male Reproductive System • identifying the structures of the male reproductive system and describing their functions; • testes, scrotum, semineferous tubules, epididymis, sperm duct (vas deferens), cowpers (bulbourethral) gland, seminal vesicle, prostate, urethra

  3. Female Reproductive System • identifying the structures of the female reproductive system and describing their functions; • ovary, follicles, oviduct (fallopian tube), uterus, endometrium, cervix, vagina

  4. Human Reproduction • Employs internal fertilization • Depends on the integrated action of: • Hormones • The nervous system • The reproductive system.

  5. Gonads are sex organs that produce gametes. • Male gonads are the testes • Produce sperm and male sex hormones • Female gonads are the ovaries • Produce eggs (ova) and female sex hormones

  6. Male HormonesA review • 6 hormones • (GnRH) Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) • Luteinizing hormone (LH) • Andosterone • Testosterone • Inhibin

  7. GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH) • released by the hypothalamus • tells the pituitary to release LH and FSH • ultimately controls sperm production and testosterone levels

  8. FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH): • released by the anterior pituitary • stimulates the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

  9. LSH • released by the anterior pituitary • stimulates the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

  10. ANDOSTERONE • less abundant and less effective than testosterone • made by interstitial cell in the testes

  11. Testosterone • made in the interstitial cells • stimulates secondary sex characteristics in males • helps stimulate spermatogenesis in the testes (with FSH) • associated with sex drive

  12. Inhibin • released by sertoli cells when they are low on nutrients to feed developing sperm cells • acts as a negative feedback, goes to brain to slow the release of FSH and GnR

  13. Female HormonesA review • Female reproductive hormones arise from the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary, and the ovaries (Total 8) • Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone (HCGH) • Estrogen (Estradiol) • FSH – Follicle stimulating hormone • GnRF (also GnRH) Gonadotropin-Releasing Factor (hormone) • Oxytocin • Luteinizing Hormone • Prolactin • Progesterone

  14. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Hormone (HCGH) • Source – developing embryo and placenta • Target – ovary • Function – maintains progesterone levels by maintaining corpus leuturn

  15. Estrogen • Source cells • follicle cells of the ovary (and later the corpus luteum) • Placenta, during pregnancy • Target – mostly the uterus • Function – stimulates secondary sex characteristics and building of endometrium

  16. FSH • Released by the anterior pituitary • Targets ovaries - stimulates oogenesis

  17. Luteinizing Hormone • Source - anterior pituitary • Target - follicle in ovary • Causes ovulation – controls the release of hormones by ovary

  18. GnRH • Source – hypothalamus • Target - anterior pituitary • Stimulates (via positive feedback) the release of LH and FSH

  19. Oxytocin • Produced by posterior pituitary and uterus (during pregnancy) • Target – Uterus (causes contractions) and mammary glands (milk release)

  20. Progesterone • Source – follicle and corpus leuteum (and placenta) • Target – endometrium • Stimulates maturation of uterine lining.

  21. Prolactin • Source - anterior pituitary • Targets - Ovary, mammary, brain • Promotes milk production, maintains production of estrogen and progesterone, stimulates production of new brain cells in fontal lobes ( associated with smell)

  22. Task – label the diagrams

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