1 / 41

Human Reproduction

Human Reproduction. Courtesy of Hartford Union High School District ( www.huhs.org/departments/science/.../Human%20Reproduction.ppt ) Edited by Georgia CTAE Resource Network. Battle of the Sexes!!!. Are males and females all that different? Well….. Yes and No!. Anatomy. Male. Female.

slone
Download Presentation

Human Reproduction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Human Reproduction Courtesy of Hartford Union High School District (www.huhs.org/departments/science/.../Human%20Reproduction.ppt)Edited by Georgia CTAE Resource Network

  2. Battle of the Sexes!!! • Are males and females all that different? • Well….. • Yes • and • No!

  3. Anatomy Male Female

  4. Similarities • 2 pouches • Testicles • Ovaries • Start out inside body • Testicles “descend” before birth • Fetus begins with “starter parts” that could develop into either gender

  5. Around 7th Week… • Baby’s body is “told” by DNA to become either male or female • “Unused” parts disintegrate • “Used” parts continue development

  6. Male or Female??? • DNA determines baby’s gender • XX = Female • XY = Male • Depends on which egg & sperm get together • Father determines baby’s gender

  7. Male Uncomplicated Produce sperm 2-4 MILLION every day Female Very Complicated! One egg Once a month Careful coordination of hormones & body Timing perfect! Anatomy – similaritiesFunction – VERY different!

  8. Females • Ovaries • 2 pouches • Contain ova • Born with all of her eggs (~ 400,000) • Use up ~500 • Won’t run out! • Ovulation • One egg released from ovary to oviduct (fallopian tube)

  9. After Ovulation • Egg pushed along by cilia • Few days travel time to arrive in uterus • Cervix – Opening between uterus & vagina • Normally tiny • At birth – muscles pull open (dilation) cervix to allow baby to pass through = Labor

  10. Menstrual Cycle • Complex combination of 10-12 chemicals (hormones) • Usually one egg once a month • All about timing! • Uterus must be ready when egg gets there in case it was fertilized • If no fertilization, tear down lining of uterus and rebuild for next month

  11. 28-Day Cycle (Average) • Three Stages • Tear Down • Rebuild • Extra nutrients/blood for potential baby • No Baby? • Back to #1

  12. Chemicals (Hormones) • Regulate events in the body: • Estrogen • Progesterone • LH (leuteinizing hormone) • FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) • Many others

  13. Day 1 • First menstrual blood & tissue • No baby = breaks down lining of uterus • 5-7 days of blood/tissue exits body Pre-Ovulation

  14. ~Day 14 • Ovulation = Egg released • Temperature spikes slightly • Most fertile in next few days! • Able to get pregnant • Egg gets fertilized while traveling through oviduct Post-Ovulation

  15. If fertilized… • Zygote begins to divide as it travels through oviduct • Implants into lining of uterus

  16. If not fertilized… • Egg travels through oviduct to uterus • Exits body with blood and tissues during menstruation

  17. Birth Control Pills • “Trick” body into thinking it’s pregnant • Extra hormones • No ovulation occurs • No ovulation = no egg = no fertilization = no baby! • No hormones taken for 7 days = menstruation

  18. Male • Testes • Produce 2-4 million sperm every day. • Outside body – why? • Sperm like temps 1-2 cooler than body temp • Vas Deferens • Tube sperm travel through. • Vasectomy • Cut/tie off tube – sperm can’t get out!

  19. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_male_reproductive_systemhttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_male_reproductive_system

  20. Semen • Contains: • 300-500 million sperm • Sperm food • pH buffers • Allows sperm to survive for a couple of days inside female’s body (hostile environment)

  21. What is sperm? • Then… • Used to think it was a tiny human inside each cell • Spermists vs. Ovists

  22. Now… • Contains Several Parts: • Head • Chemical to dissolve egg goo • Dad’s genetic information (DNA) • Mitochondria • Energy • Tail • Swimming http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_male_reproductive_system

  23. Prostate Gland • Adds non-sperm stuff to semen: • pH buffers • Nourishment • Cancer very common • Slower-growing (usually) • Surgery for removal

  24. Bulbourethral Gland • Adds lubricant to aid travel of semen through the urethra

  25. Conception/Fertilization

  26. Conception/Fertilization • Ejaculation • Release of 300-500 million sperm • Egg needs to be in oviduct • Sperm to egg, not an easy task: • Go wrong direction : 2 paths – only 1 leads to an egg • Get attacked by female’s white blood cells • Acidic environment • Current

  27. Once egg is located… • Dissolves protective goo surrounding egg. • One gets through – enters egg • Instant biochemical change in zygote • No more sperm allowed in

  28. Zygote Begins Development Zygote: a fertilized egg

  29. Implants in Uterine Lining • Endometrium = outer lining of uterus • Becomes placenta • Uses mother’s nutrients • Continues development

  30. Fetal Development • Amnion • Membrane surrounding baby • Contains amniotic fluid • Breaks just before birth = “water broke” • Amniotic Fluid • The “water” – surrounding baby • Buoyant cradle for baby • Protection • Free movement

  31. Fetal Development (cont’d) • Umbilical Cord • Blood vessels from placenta to baby • Mom’s & baby’s blood do not circulate together! • Can have 2 different blood types • Diffusion

  32. Birth • Labor – muscles used to open cervix • Baby flips upside down • Head first! • Feet first = Breech (bad) • Cesarean Section (“C-section”) - surgical removal of baby • After baby is born, mom delivers placenta (“afterbirth”) that detaches from uterus

  33. Breastfeeding • Most nutritious option for baby • Milk changes as baby grows • Antibodies from mom create immunity for baby • Studies have shown correlation between breastfeeding and higher intelligence in baby • Bond with baby is stronger

  34. Twins/Multiple Births • Two types • Monozygotic • From one egg • Identical • Dizygotic • From two eggs • Fraternal • Not identical

  35. Identical twins • One zygote • Splits in 2 • No one knows why! • Completely random = does NOT run in families • Same exact DNA • Nature’s clones

  36. Fraternal Twins • 2 separate eggs get fertilized with 2 different sperm cells • More than one egg got released during ovulation • Can be: • Sisters • Brothers • Brother and sister • Tends to run in families

  37. Conjoined Twins • Used to be called “Siamese” twins • First well-known case was in Siam • Identical twins that never completely separated during development • Sometimes can be separated, depending on what is shared

More Related