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Russia

Russia . By Grace Bingha m. Beginning . Originally lost Crimean War(major factor was the dispute between Russia and France over the privileges of the Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches in the holy places in Palestine) against British and French

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Russia

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  1. Russia By Grace Bingham

  2. Beginning • Originally lost Crimean War(major factor was the dispute between Russia and France over the privileges of the Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches in the holy places in Palestine) against British and French • Serfdom had been a part of Russia since 1649 • Finally Alexander II realized that the peasants revolts were eventually going to cause for Serfdom to be abolished, so the nobles may as well abolish it while they are ahead

  3. New Laws • March 3, 1861, Alexander issued the emancipation edict which states they could own property, marry as they chose, and bring suits in the law courts. • Peasants were given less than average land by the government, but were expected to pay the state back in long-term installments • Mir- Village commune which was responsible for gathering land payments to the government • In the long run, these new laws didn’t end up necessarily helping the serfs, but lead them back into the ways of poverty and farming • Legal reforms were, however, successful. Had courts, judicial code, and principles of equality.

  4. Starting Again • In 1864 Alexander instituted zemstvos which were local assemblies that provided a moderate degree of self-government. Representatives were selected from noble land owners, townspeople, and peasants, but obviously nobles were at an advantage because of property-based system. • Were given limited power to provide public services like education, famine relief, and road and bridge maintenance. Bureaucrats didn’t like the idea of self-government so they were often shut down.

  5. Alexander Herzen, Russian exile in London, was a radical writer who spoke of “land and freedom” which represented that he believed peasants must be the key to social reforms. • Populism-believed they needed to create a new society through the revolutionary acts of the peasants • Vera Zasulich used violence to try to overthrow tsarist autocracy since peasants had no real interest in the revolutionary ideas. • People’s Will and Land and Freedom were some radical populist groups • People’s Will assassinated Alexander II in 1881 • His son, the third, returned to traditional methods of repression

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