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Chemistry II: Beginning of the Year Warm-Up

Refresh your memory on periodic trends, valence electrons, atomic models, electron configurations, and more to kickstart your chemistry studies! Practice and review essential concepts in an easy-to-follow format.

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Chemistry II: Beginning of the Year Warm-Up

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  1. Chemistry II Beginning of the Year Warm Up

  2. Let's see what the sun baked out this summer!

  3. Easy Ones! • What is the chart thing on the wall? • Answer: Periodic Table • Bonus: How is it arranged? • Answer: By atomic number / by number of protons

  4. Other things to know: • Polyatomic Ions • Naming Compounds • Writing Compound Formulas • Identifying Charges on Ions • Any of these SCARE you???

  5. Where to Start?? Our first topic is bonding… so you should remember the following items from Pre-AP or Chemistry I. If these first five slides made you sick, you are either going to have to study/review/ask for help/wake up your brain, or reconsider your schedule.

  6. Periodic Trends What do you remember about Periodic trends? Did you get it all?

  7. Periodic Trends Definition: a pattern of behavior on the periodic table • Defined for a group • Defined for a period Some Examples: • Atomic Size: • Electronegativity: • Ionization Energy:

  8. Periodic Trends Continued… • Atomic Size- atomic radius • increases down a group, decreases L-R across a period • Electronegativity- Ability of an atom to attract shared electrons "greed“ • Decreases down a group, Increases L-R across a period • Ionization Energy-Energy needed to remove electrons from the atom • Decreases down a group, Increases L-R across a period

  9. Next Topic: Valence Electrons What do you remember about Valence Electrons? Did you get it all?

  10. Valence Electrons • Outermost Electron(s) • Control chemical activity • Can be shared • Can be transferred • Loss of electrons = positive ion • Gain of electrons = negative ion • Involved in bonding (sharing, transfer)

  11. Atomic Models What do you remember about atomic models? Did you get it all?

  12. Atomic Models • JJ Thomson “Plum Pudding Model” • Rutherford “Gold Foil Experiment” • Bohr “orbits, only worked for H”

  13. Atomic Models continued • Current Model- Wave Mechanical Model • Mathematical representation • Orbital- area of probability- expect to find electrons • s/p/d/f sublevels • Electron configurations represent mathematical description

  14. Electron Configurations What do you remember about Electron Configurations? Did you get it all?

  15. Electron Configurations • Description of electron arrangement • wave mechanical model • quantum mechanical model • Orbital- probability zone • Pauli Exclusion Principle: no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers • Quantum Numbers • Principle Energy Level • Sublevel- s, p, d, f • Orbital • Spin

  16. Anatomy of a Standard Electron Configuration

  17. Abbreviated Configurations • Start with the previous noble gas in brackets

  18. Orbital Diagrams • Show the fourth quantum number- spin 1s 2s 2p

  19. Practice Electron Configurations • Magnesium- atomic #12 • Standard configuration • Abbreviated configuration • Orbital diagram

  20. You should remember what you learned in Chemistry I or Pre AP ! If you do not, the items you will need most right now are: • recognize polyatomic ions (names, formulas and charges) • write formulas for compounds, write names for formulas • describe basic workings/organization of periodic table

  21. Later you will need: • describe parts of a chemical equation : reactant, product, coefficients • describe basic parts of a solution: solvent, solute, concentration (molarity) • describe acids and bases

  22. Assignment • Electron Configuration Practice Worksheet • Answer Key Page 1 • Answer Key Page 2

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