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Principles of Immunology Antigens 2/9/06

Principles of Immunology Antigens 2/9/06. “It is only when you give of yourself that you truly give.” K Gibran. Word List. Adjuvant Antigen Epitope Hapten Immunogen Xenogeneic. Antigens. Antigen- Anti body- gen erating substance Antigen-A substance that will bind to antibody

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Principles of Immunology Antigens 2/9/06

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  1. Principles of ImmunologyAntigens2/9/06 “It is only when you give of yourself that you truly give.” K Gibran

  2. Word List • Adjuvant • Antigen • Epitope • Hapten • Immunogen • Xenogeneic

  3. Antigens • Antigen-Antibody-generating substance • Antigen-A substance that will bind to antibody • Immunogen-A substance that will elicit an immune response

  4. Antigenic Macromolecules • Antigens are generally proteins or polysaccharides. • Lipids are not generally immunogenic (or antigenic) unless they are complexed with proteins or polysaccharides

  5. Types of Antigens • Autoantigens-”self” • Alloantigens-”same species” • Heteroantigens-”different species” • T-cell dependent antigens-Requires T cell involvement; proteins • T-cell independent antigens-Does not require T cell involvement; polysaccharides

  6. Properties of Immunogenicity • Degree of “foreignness”-Based on genetic relatedness • Molecular Size-Usually MW >100,000; <10,000 non immunogenic; 10,000-100,000 MW is imunogenetically variable

  7. Properties of Immunogenicity • Chemical composition-Proteins; Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure all contribute. Haptens • Ability to be processed by APCs- Function of size

  8. Biological Influences on Immunogenicity • Genotype of host-Expression of MHC genes • Dose of route of antigen presentation • Immunological tolerance • Vaccines • Lymph or circulatory system

  9. Biological Influences on Immunogenicity • Adjuvants-Enhance immunogenicity • Potential mechanism • Ag persistence • Cell signaling or cytokine effect • Induction of inflammation • Lymphocyte stimulation • Types • Alum • Freund’s incomplete adjuvant • Freund’s complete adjuvant

  10. Epitopes • The active region of an immunogen (One antigen may have multiple epitopes)

  11. Ag/Lymphocyte Interaction

  12. Ag/Lymphocyte Interaction

  13. Ag/T Lymphocyte Interaction • Ternary complex • TCR • MHC II molecule • Antigen (peptide) Also includes Co-receptor - CD4

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