Psychology of Consciousness

1. Psychology of Consciousness

2. If it were not for cues such as the sunrise and sunset, people would act as if a day were 25 hours long. • True • False

3. Allowed to sleep unhindered, most adults will sleep at least 9 hours a night. • True • False

4. People who sleep 7 to 8 hours a night tend to outlive those who are chronicallysleep-deprived.. • True • False

5. Sleeping pills are the most effective treatment for insomnia. • True • False

6. The most common dreams are those with sexual imagery. • True • False

7. Most psychologists believe that dreams provide a key to understanding our innerconflicts. • True • False

8. Under hypnosis, some people can recover accurate memories as far back as birth. • True • False

9. The only time we dream is right before we wake up. • True • False

10. It is possible to hypnotize any person at any time • True • False

11. Under hypnosis, people can be induced to perform an apparently dangerous act. • True • False

12. Those given morphine to control pain often become addicted to the drug. • True • False

13. In large amounts, alcohol is a depressant; in small amounts, it is a stimulant. • True • False

14. People who are drunk always know that they are drunk. • True • False

15. Consciousness • Journal #1: Do you think it would be desirable to perfect a way to eliminate the need for sleep and dreams?

16. Consciousness • Consciousness – a state of awareness, including a person’s feelings, sensations. ideas and perceptions.

17. Consciousness • Meanings of Consciousness • Sensory awareness • Direct inner awareness • Sense of self • Tools for Studying Consciousness • Introspection - Stream of Consciousness • Mental Rotation - "turning it over in your mind"

19. Consciousness • Meanings of Consciousness • Sensory awareness • Direct inner awareness • Sense of self • Tools for Studying Consciousness • Introspection - Stream of Consciousness • Mental Rotation - "turning it over in your mind" • Zooming in with the mind

20. Consciousness • Activity : In ordered share groups discuss the scariest dream you ever had. In your groups decided on the most terrifying dream.

21. Sleep Observation • 1) You are to watch a person or an animal sleep for at least 2 hours. • 2) You are to record information requested at 10 minute intervals. Therefore, you should have 12 entries total • 3) Record information on this sheet. (Position means – sitting in a chair, lying on a bed, on the floor, etc.) • 4) You are to note the number of times the subject breathes in one minute, whether the eyes are moving or not and the placement of the body. (on side, back, etc .) • 5) If your subject does not sleep for the require amount of time you may observe on two or three separate occasions or you may try again for a two hour period of time.

22. Dream Journal • 1) You are to keep a record of your sleep and dreams on the paper provided. The assignment does NOT need to be done for 3 consecutive days. • 2) Indicate the day and date at the top of each column. You are to record the answers to as many details listed as possible. (place, people, phrases, symbols, words, objects, and songs) • 3) If you know that you do not remember your dreams on a regular basis then you may record the sleep and dreams of a member of your family or a close who does remember. Indicate relationship on top of column (Mom, sister, friend-female). You may record the dreams of more than one person. • 4) If you do not remember your dreams for that night, do NOT answer I do not remember and expect to receive credit. • **Place dream journals next to your bed in the evening. Write down what you remember when you awake. Set a snooze alarm to wake you in the middle of dream or during sleep to help you recall.**

23. Review Consciousness Journal # 2 - What are the differences between the 3 ideas below? • Conscious • Pre-Conscious • Unconscious Give an example of what would be a conscious, pre-conscious, or unconscious thought

24. Consciousness- the process by which the brain creates a model of internal and external experience. • Cognitive neuroscience- an interdisciplinary field involving cognitive psychology, neurology, biology, computer science, linguistics, and specialists from other fields who are interested in the connection between mental processes and the brain • Non-conscious processes- any brain process that does not involve conscious processing, including both preconscious memories and unconscious process • Pre-conscious memories- information that is not currently consciousness but can be recalled to consciousness voluntary or after something calls attention to them • Unconscious- in classic Freudian theory, a part of the mind that houses memories, desire, and feelings that would be threatening if brought to consciousness. Many modern cognitive psychologist view that the unconscious in less sinister terms, merely as a collection of mental processes that operate outside of awareness—but not typically suppressing information or working at odds with consciousness. • Daydreaming- a common( and quite normal) variation of consciousness in which attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies and away from the immediate situation

25. Consciousness • Conscious – restriction, combination, & manipulation • Pre-Conscious – lie in background and can be recalled • Unconscious – cognition (processing) occurring without awareness

26. States of Consciousness

27. Sleep and Dreams • Theories of Sleep • Restorative • Primitive hibernation • Adaptive process • In your notebook create a flow map describing the stages of sleep using pages 169.

28. Stages of Sleep Sleep

29. Stages of Sleep

30. Stages of Sleep

31. Sleep and Dreams • How much Sleep? • Varies individual to individual • Newborns = 16 hours (half in REM) • 16 Year olds =10 hours • Adults = 8 hours • Adults spend 25% of sleep in REM • Circadian Rhythms

32. Sleep and Dreams • Sleep Disorders • Insomnia • Onset insomnia • Maintained insomnia • Early morning awaking • Sleep Apnea • Narcolepsy • Nightmares • Night Terrors • Sleepwalking • Sleep Talking

33. Sleep and Dreams • Create a short skit • Must include: • Symptoms • Causes • Treatment • 2 – 5 minutes • Everyone must have a speaking role • Purpose – Teach class of your sleep disorder • Rubric: • Presentation of info – Individual (5pts) • Group presentation score of info (5pts) • Creativity in presentation (5pts) Total – 15pts

34. Dreaming • Opening Activity: Write a summary of what you learned from Brain Pop on Dreaming. Focus on theories. Why do we dream???

35. Dreaming • Dream Facts • Everyone dreams • 4 – 5 dreams a night • Sleep learning does not occur • Many dreams are about everyday boring events • Dreams vary by culture, gender and age • Dreams often contain negative emotions • Dreams are in real time

37. Stages of Sleep

38. Theories of Dreaming Theories of Dreaming Psychoanalytical (Freud) Information Processing Activation-Synthesis Problem Solving Creative Guard Sleep Wish Fulfillment Manifest Content Latent Content

40. Dreaming • Frame Question: Which theory of dreams do you most agree with. Justify your answers.

41. Dreaming • Daydreaming • Lucid Dreaming

42. Dreaming • Dream Interpretation Activity

43. Hypnosis • Opening Activity: Create a circle map in your notebook brain storming what you know, have heard, or words you associate with hypnosis.

44. Hypnosis • Definition of Hypnosis • Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness that occurs in the context of a special hypnotist subject relationship

45. Hypnosis • Five Qualities • Heightened Suggestibility • Dissociation • Vivid Imagery • Enhanced Memory • Post-hypnotic Suggestion

46. Hypnosis • Hypnotic Ability and Susceptibility • Openness to suggestion is key • 20% of people are highly hypnotizable; 10% difficult/impossible • Correlates are rich fantasy life, imagination, ability to focus attention and ignore distraction • Does not put a person to sleep • The person is not under the hypnotists power • Used to help people quit smoking, lose weight, manage stress, overcome phobias, diminish pain • Inaccurate memories are common

47. Hypnosis • Effects of hypnosis on memory • Inaccurate memories are common • Relaxed reflection can sometimes boost recall • False recollections and false memories often occur • Memories are often constructed • Hypnotically induced memories may be unreliable

48. Theories of Hypnosis Theories of Hypnosis Altered state of consciousness Motivated state Dissociated state (Hilgard) Role theory (Sarbin & Coe) Which theory do you most agree with?

49. Meditation • Meditation – the focusing of attention to clear one’s mind and produce relaxation. • Three major approaches: • Transcendental meditation • Mindfulness meditation • Breath meditation • Effects of meditation • Lowers blood pressure • Reduces stress • Reduces anxiety

50. Drugs and Consciousness • Opening Activity – What factors do you think have influenced the recent trend toward increased use of marijuana?