States of Consciousness

1. States of Consciousness Watch the Watch Sweet Dreams Trippin’ Altered States State of mmmBussssness

2. Sweet Dreams 500 400 300 200 100

3. Watch the Watch 500 400 300 200 100

4. Trippin’ 500 400 300 200 100

5. Altered States 500 400 300 200 100

6. An evolutionary explanation about why we sleep would be to: • A) repair our brain. • B) promote growth. • C) keep us safe. • D) help us to remember. • E) None of the above 282

7. 6. Biological processes that systematically vary over a period of 24 hours are called: • A) daily regimens. • B) circadian rhythms. • C) sleep-wake cycles. • D) lunar cycles. • E) biological timer 275

8. 7. A hormone manufactured by the pineal gland that produces sleepiness is: • A) serotonin. • B) melatonin. • C) L-triptophan. • D) dopamine. • E) norepinephrine. 275

9. 8. The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called: • A) alpha waves. • B) theta waves. • C) sleep spindles. • D) delta waves. • E) sleep apnea 277

10. 9. Sleep deprivation has been shown to: • A) increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks. • B) increase hypertension. • C) enhance memory. • D) increase immunity to disease. • E) increase nightmares. 281

11. 10. Dream theory that REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories and what part of the brain does it originate from: • A) Freud’s wish fulfillment, Medulla Oblongata. • B) Information processing, Pons. • C) Activation Synthesis, Pons. • D) Information processing, Cerebellum. • E) Activation Synthesis, Hypothalamus. 288

12. 12. In one study, both hypnotized and non-hypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a research assistant’s face (Owwwww!!!?!?. In this experiment, hypnotized people: • A) usually refused to do it. • B) behaved in the same fashion as non-hypnotized individuals. • C) were influenced to act against their own will. • D) experienced a heightened sense of personal responsibility for their actions. 292

13. 13. Who was credited for the popularity of hypnosis : • A) Ernest Hilgard • B) Anton Mesmer • C) Philip Zimbardo • D) Sigmund Freud • E) Coach Knowles, that’s right!! Believe that!!!!! 292

14. 14. One plausible theory, like the hypno-dentist suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by: • A) distracting attention. • B) blocking sensory input. • C) eliciting a deep, REM-like state. • D) “fooling” the subject to believe there is NO pain. 293

15. 15. When hypnosis influences behavior after the hypnotic state, the subject was given a: • A) posthypnotic amnesia. • B) hypnotic command. • C) command suggestion. • D) posthypnotic suggestion. • E) hypnotic suggestion. 292

16. 16. Nature of physical drug dependence involves these two factors: • A) tolerance and withdrawal. • B) drug type and amount. • C) quantity and frequency. • D) psycho-activity and abuse. • E) drug type and frequency. 297

17. 17. The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of: • A) withdrawal. • B) dissociation. • C) resistance. • D) tolerance. • E) dependence. 297

18. 18. Repeated use of an opiate: • A) decreases the brain’s reproduction of endorphins. • B) increases heart and breathing rates. • C) does not seem to be followed by serious withdrawal symptoms. • D) triggers auditory as well as visual hallucinations. 300

19. 19. The drug Ecstasy has the dangerous side-effect of: • A) causing dehydration, overheating, increased blood pressure, death. • B) increasing the risk of chronic depression. • C) impairing memory. • D) all of the above. 302

20. 20. When cocaine is snorted, smoked, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria. As someone comes off this “high”, the end result is a depressive crash caused by: • A) depletion of dopamine. • B) depletion of norepinephrine. • C) depletion of serotonin. • D) all of the above. • E) A and C only 301

21. 21. After ingesting a small dose of a drug, Jen experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. She most likely experienced the effects of: • A) cocaine. • B) LSD. • C) heroin. • D) marijuana. • E) ecstasy 302

22. 22. Which of the following is an amphetamine that acts as a mild hallucinogen? • A) Marijuana • B) Nembutal • C) Ecstasy • D) LSD • E) Heroine 302

23. 23. According to Ernest Hilgard’s theory of hypnosis:. • A) becoming hypnotized depends on the willingness of the subject. • B) the subject’s consciousness is separated. • C) everyone can become hypnotized if the hypnotist is trained. • D) it is just another form of concentration. 294

24. 25. The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that: • A) most dreams are psychologically meaningless. • B) the disruption of REM sleep leads to narcolepsy. • C) most mammals experience REM rebound. • D) sexual tension is naturally discharged during REM sleep. 288

25. mmmBuss Question. The neurotransmitter is the main culprit involved in regulating our moods: • A) serotonin. • B) norepinephrine. • C) orexin. • D) dopamine • E) melatonin. 288

26. Answers: States of Consciousness