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Holden

Holden. Structure and plan. 52 marks (out of 100) Study pre released (Holden) “Outline and assess the use of ___________ to investigate _____________ with a sample of _____________”. Three sides 45 minutes HALF you marks for this exam paper. Introduction. Method / Aim / sample

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Holden

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  1. Holden

  2. Structure and plan • 52 marks (out of 100) • Study pre released (Holden) • “Outline and assess the use of ___________ to investigate _____________ with a sample of _____________”. • Three sides • 45 minutes • HALF you marks for this exam paper

  3. Introduction • Method / Aim / sample • Not too much description • ANALYSIS • Quantitative or Qualitative? • Positivist or Interpretivist • Practical considerations – rejection of which methods?

  4. Validity • Define the concept • Apply it in this context – why might Holden’s study have high or low in validity? • Observer effect? • Natural environment? • Meanings and experiences / why? • See everything / whole truth? • Objective truth? • Rapport? • Verstehen? • Lies?

  5. Validity Positivists Interpretivists

  6. Objectivity • Define the concept • Can you avoid imposing your values?

  7. Objectivity • Did Holden have biases? Did he have values? • Is it possible to not have values and to be objective? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jU-X_UriWp0 • ( clap- 3.08 min) • What is going on – non-participant observation – what is your interpretation?

  8. Objectivity • Maybe Holden imposed his values at the start of the research via setting the topic, deciding the sample and structuring of observation schedule • But, on the other hand maybe he avoided imposition of values during the observation by using quantitative observation schedule as this needs less interpretation and so will be free from values • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P842Tmi6lrc • Count the number of questions Ali G asks (quant) • Now decide how write a description of the interview (qual) • Which information seems more objective and which information seems to allow for the researcher to input their own values?

  9. Your turn… • Write an intro, validity and objectivity paragraph

  10. Reliability • Define the concept • This is all about STRUCTURE • What does it mean ‘Holden structured his observation’?

  11. Unstructured observation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTPuV5s2274 • Watch the clip. • Take thorough notes on anything and everything you see

  12. Structured observation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTPuV5s2274 • Now use my structured observation sheet

  13. Representativeness and generalisability • Define the concepts • Why does 21 observations in three different parks and three different schools help to raise rep and gen? • But which ethnic group is under represented? (lower rep) • How far can we generalise beyond Blackburn? • To the whole of the UK • To other segregated northern towns like Burnley • Not at all

  14. Ethics • Define the concept • Key issues? • Anonymity • Care not to cause emotional or physical harm to sample or researcher • Informed consent • Being overt

  15. Your turn… • Write a paragraph for reliability, representativeness, generalisability and ethics

  16. Conclusion • Triangulation?

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