Grandpa and ice cream

1. Grandpa and ice cream Last summer Iwere in my Grandpa`s village. I remember different funny stories from there . First week I were ill so my Grandpa didn`t allow me to eat ice cream. I knew that Iwill be able to eat it in the future , but Iwere really sad that I couldn`t eat  it hole week. But Iknew that if I didn`t eat it I might be well soon. When Irecovered my Grandpa said that Ican eat ice cream as much as I want . But  still I asked every time if I could eat ice cream , because Iknew that Grandpa can`t be wrong.  Every week I asked him if he could bring a cup of ice cream .   So 3 weeks later Grandpa said that Ishould eat  a little bit of ice cream. I knew that Ineeded to eat it less, because otherwise Iwould  become sick.

2. Modal verbs Modal verb is a special verb which behaves very differently from normal verb. The following verbs are called Modal verbs. 

3. What are modal verbs? They are Auxiliaryverbs that provide additional and specific meaning to the main verb of the sentence Modal verbs are sometimes referred to as ModalAuxiliaryverbs because they help other verbs • They are: • Can • Could • Must • Shall • Need • May • Might • Should • Will • Ought to

4. How do we use modals? S Subject V Verb M They do not accept conjugation They do not need other auxiliary verbs Example: Marycouldplaythe piano

5. What do they express? Theycan have different meanings depending on the situations they are used To understand it better we are going to divide them into 4categories Modal Verbs of obligation, no obligation, prohibition and advice. Modal verbs of ability and permission. Modal verbs of speculation and deduction. Modals perfects: They are used to express a situation in the past

6. Categories

7. Modals of obligation, no obligation, prohibition and advice

8. (*) Notes • 1In writing there is no real difference between these words. In speech there is sometimes a small difference. Must is used when the speaker personally feels something is important and have to is used when the situation makes something necessary. You must start working harder! (I say so) You have to turn left here. (it’s the law) • 2 Must and have to are very similar in their affirmative forms but they are completely different in their negative forms. Mustn’t describes sth which is prohibited. Don’t have to describes sth that is not necessary. You mustn’t leavenow. (it’s not allowed. It’s against the rules) You don’t have to leave now. (it’s not necessary) • 3 In informal spoken language we use don’t need to instead of needn’t. You don’t need to go to the gym every day. You’re in good shape.

9. Modals of ability and permission

10. Modals of speculation and deduction *1thesewordsallexpressuncertaintyorpossibility. Couldisnotusedwithnot in thiscontext. Themeaningforallthreewordsisapproximately 50% probability. Butifwe stress the modal verbstrongly in speechtheprobabilityisreduced.

11. Modal Perfects • MODAL + HAVE + verb in past participle • They are modals referred to actions that happened in the past Itmust have beena difficult decision They should have invited her to their wedding

12. Modal perfects

13. Writingthe modal verbsthatyoulistening in this video.

14. Practise My son ___ be home by now. Where can he be? a. Have to b. Would c. Should d. Could I think your thumb is broken. You ___ go to the emergency room. a. Might b. could c. ought to d. can If you are interested in losing weight, you ______ try this new diet. a. Could b. mustn’t c. don’t have to d. had to Johnnie’s fallen down the stairs! I ________ call an ambulance! a. Will b. might c. may d. ought to You _______ come tooearly. Wewon’tleaveuntil 9 o’clock. a. Has to b. must c. needn’t d. can’t

15. Children ________ be accompaniedbyanadult at the zoo. a. Oughtto b. must c. would d. mustn’t You _________ talkduringtests. It’sforbidden! a. don’thaveto b. mustn’t c. couldn’t d. oughtto I can feeltheheat. We _________ be nearthefire. a. Can b. would c. must d. haveto They ________ hearhimbecause he waswhispering. a. Wouldn’t b. mustn’t c. shouldn’t d. couldn’t You’veneverheard of BritneySpears! You ________ be serious! a. Must b. hadto c. can’t d. shouldn’t

16. __________ youliketohavedinnerwith me tonight? a. Could b. may c. should d. would You _________ lethimhearaboutthepartytomorrow. It’s a surprise! a. mustn’t b. wouldn’t c. couldn’t d. can __________ I speaktotheChief of Police, please? a. Must b. May c. Would d. Need He has arrived late. He _______ missedthe bus a. Must have b. Should have c. Could have d. must

17. should get a lawyer needn’t have a university degree for that job don’t have to have a university… may / might pick you up mustn’t eat in class • Re-write the following sentences using modals so that they have the same meaning. • I suggest that you get a good lawyer! You ___________________________________________ • A university degree isn’t necessary for that job. You ___________________________________________ • Perhaps my father will pick you up. My father _______________________________________ • Eating is forbidden in class! You ___________________________________________

18. must be a poor person can’t be true Look at his dirty clothes! I’m sure he is a poor person. He ____________________________________________ I don’t believe that the legend of Hercules is true because there’re many contradictions. The legend of Hercules ____________________________

19. Speaking Think about these situations and create a sentence using modals. We are going to Paris for a weekend. (Make suggestions about things to do) We start school in September. (Talk about necessity) Margaret is a very talented sportswoman. (Talk about ability) You have just won the lottery! (Talk about possibility) Peter has got a headache and a congested nose. (Give him some advice) You want to borrow your uncle’s Mercedes Benz. (Ask for permission politely)

20. Writing (homework) Inventsa storyusingsome modal verbs