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Welcome Swagatam

Welcome Swagatam. Hindu Students Council. Hindu Contributions to Humanity. Beginning of Hindu Scientific Thought Concept of Time and Astronomy Physics, Chemistry, Metallurgy Mathematics Language and Grammar Science and Education. Hindu Contributions to Humanity.

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Welcome Swagatam

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  1. Welcome Swagatam Hindu Students Council Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  2. Hindu Contributions to Humanity • Beginning of Hindu Scientific Thought • Concept of Time and Astronomy • Physics, Chemistry, Metallurgy • Mathematics • Language and Grammar • Science and Education Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  3. Hindu Contributions to Humanity • Engineering (Ship Building, Navigation) • Philosophy and Yoga • Ayurveda and Surgery Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  4. Beginning of Hindu Scientific Thought • Hindu thought and systems can be traced back to at least 10,000 years • The oldest book known to mankind is the RgVed. • Knowledge was developed over thousands of years by various Rishis, philosophers, poets and engineers at well established schools Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  5. Chronology of the pre-historic period of India 7000-4000 BCVedic Age 3750 BC End of Rig Vedic Age 3000 BC End of Ramayana-Mahabharat Period 3000-2000 BC Development of Saraswati-Sindhu (Indus) Civilization 2200-1900 BC Decline of Indus and Saraswati Civilization 2000-1500 BC Mahaveer, Buddha, Chanakya, Maurya 1400-250 BC Shankaracharya, Gupta Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  6. Chatur Dasha Vidya or 14 Books of Knowledge Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  7. References • Mahabharat, Ramayan, Purana • Texts from various Rishi traditions • Srimad Bhagavata • The Dharmasastra • Chanakya Neeti Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  8. Concept of Time • There were very advanced Hindu astronomers in 600 B.C. The Vedas contain an account of the dimensions of Earth, Sun, Moon, Planets and Galaxies. • Emmelin Plunret, • in “Calendars and Constellation” Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  9. Vedic AstronomyHighest and Smallest Units of Time • Maha Kalpa or Brahma Ayu • is the largest Unit of Time • = 311,040,000,000,000 solar years. • TRUTI • is the smallest Unit of Time • = 33,750th part of a Second Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  10. TRUTI smallest unit of TIME = 33,750th fraction of a second 100 Truti = 1 Tatpara 45 Tatpara = 1 Nimesha 3 Nimesh = 1 Vipala 60 Vipalas = 1 Pala 60 Palas = 1 Ghatika Divisions of a Day 60 Ghatikas = 1 Ahoratra = 1 Day * 10 Vipalas = 1 Prana = 4 seconds *2 Ghatikas = 1 Muhurta *2.5 Ghatikas = 1 Hora = 1 Hour Vedic AstronomySmall Units of Time Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  11. 7 Divas = 1 Saptah 15 Divas = 1 Paksha 2 Paksha = 1 Maas 2 Maas = 1 Ritu 4 Maas = 1 Chatur Maas 6 Maas = 1 Ayana 12 Maas = 1 Varsha 2 Ayanas - Uttarayana Dakshinayana 2 Paksas- Shukla - Krishna 6 Ritus - Vasant, Gresshma, - Varsha, Sharad, - Hemant, Sishir Vedic AstronomyMedium Units of Time Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  12. Measurement of Time • Bhaskaracharya Surya Siddhanta • Earth to orbit the sun • = 365.2587 56484 days • 365.2596 days Modern accepted time • Mahabharat (3138 B.C.) • Eclipses, Meteors, Comets Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  13. Physics, Chemistry, Metallurgy The Vedas contain not only religious ideas for a perfect life, but also facts which science has proved true. Electricity, radium, electronics, airship, all were known to the seers who founded the Vedas. Wheeler Wilcox, in “India, the land of the Vedas” Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  14. 8 Paramanu = 1 Trasarenu 8 Trasarenu = 1 Renu 8 Renu = 1 Balagna 8 Balagna = 1 Likhya 8 Likhya = 1 Yuka 8 Yuka = 1 Yava 8 Yava = 1 Angula 24 Angula = 1 Hasta 4 Hasta = 1 Danda 2000 Danda = 1 Krosha 4 Krosha = 1 Yojana 1 Danada = 1 Metre 1Angula = 1.0416 cm Circumference of earth - Sulva Sidhanta and Modern Science are same 4.02x107 Danda 4 X 107 Metre Vedic PhysicsMeasurement of Length Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  15. Vedic PhysicsMeasurement of Mass • 10 Krishnala = 1 Maasha • 16 Maasha = 1 Suvarna Pala (Gold Pala) • 32 Maasha = 1 Raupya Pala (Silver Pala) • 48 Maasha = 1 Lauha Pala (Iron Pala) • Other forms of Weight were also in usage Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  16. Vedic PhysicsTemperature (Linka) • 1 Pralinka = 1 Padakakshya = 0.885o C • 4 Pada Kakshya = 1 Kakshya = 3.54o C • 6 Kakshya = 1 Linka = 21.24o C • 113 Pada Kakshya = Boiling Pt of water = 100o C • 101 Kakshya = Boiling Pt of Mercury = 357o C • 50 Linka = Boiling Point of Gold = 1062o C • * The temp between Freezing Pt of Water and • Melting Pt of Gold is divided into 50 Linkas Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  17. Vedic PhysicsSpeed of Light • 1300 AD • Saayanaacharya • PM of Vijayanagar Emperor Bukka I • Speed of Light • 2,202 Yojanas in half Nimesha • = 186,536 miles per second • West only in 17 century !! Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  18. Mahabharata and PuranasAstonishing Details • Air and Space Travel • Embryo Transplantation • Multiple Births from same Embryo • Weapons of Mass Destruction • Travel thru domains- Time is slowed • Other Galaxies and Universes • Quantum Potential Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  19. Kanada: First Expounder of Law of Causation and Atomic Theory • Ten books known as ‘Vaisesika Darshana’ • About 1900 years old • First to explore the relation between ‘Cause and Effect’ • Identified atoms (Parmanu) as the build blocks of matter • Defined chemical action (Paka) Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  20. Atomic Physics • “After the conversations about Indian Philosophy, some of the ideas of Quantum Physics that had seemed so crazy suddenly made much more sense.” • W.HEISENBERG • (German Physicist. 1901-1976) Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  21. They knew how to manufacture iron and steel Coins were made in the 8th Century BC using smelting technology Image of Nataraja was made using Panchadhatu Chemistry and Metallurgy • Ancient Hindus knew how to prepare Sulphuric Acid, Nitric Acid and oxides of copper, iron and lead • Diamonds were first mined in India • Gun Powder was first made in India (Ramayan and Puraan) Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  22. Mathematics • We owe a lot to Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made. • Albert Einstein Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  23. Shunya or the Concept of Zero • The concept of zero and decimal was discovered by Hindu sages in Bharat • Sankedia Copper Plate, Brahmagupta Siddhanta, Pingala’s Chand Sutra • The concept of Infinity (Fullness) • Ishaawasya Upanishad Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  24. Vedic Mathematics • By ancient Hindu Mathematics called Vedic Mathematics, one can solve most mathematical problems by mental one or two lines. Aryabhatta Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  25. Binary Numbers (Computers) • The concept of binary numbers used by computers for all calculations existed in Hindu scriptures thousands of years ago. A number in binary format is either 1 (it exists) or 0 (it does not exist). All numbers are combinations of 1 and 0. Our Upanishads say, "all creation is combination of existence (1) or nonexistence (0)". Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  26. Brahma Gupta (598 AD) - Solutions to simple, simultaneous, & quadratic equations 850 AD Mahaviracharya general formula for nCr 1001 AD Sridharacharya Quadratic Eqn 1114 AD Bhaskara II CHAKRAVALA Cyclic method to solve Indeterminate Eqns Nx2 + 1 = y2 (61x2 +1=y2) 10 digits Euler 1732 AD solved it 600 years later Vedic Algebra in Sulbha Sutras (Baudhayana) Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  27. Language and Grammar • “The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of wonderful structure, more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin and more exquisitely refined than either.” • Sir William Jones • (British Orientalist. 1746-1794) Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  28. Richness of Sanskrit • Amazing wealth of Words and Synonyms • 65 original words for Earth • 70 original words for Water • Water: • Vaaha, Vaari, payaha, amrutam, pushkaram, toyam, Aapaha, ambu, somam, vyoma, ksharam, neeram, ghrutam, jalam, ksheeram, meghapushpam Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  29. Sanskrit (संस्कृत) Sanskrit was the classical language of India, older than Hebrew and Latin. It is the oldest, most scientific, systematic language in the world. It became the language of all cultured people in India and in the countries that were influenced by India. Sanskrit literally means “refined” or “perfected” Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  30. Ancient Grammarians • Patanjali’s systematic study • Katyayana Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  31. India's ancient achievements in Medical Science Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  32. India's ancient achievements in Physical Science Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  33. Ayurveda • Our present knowledge of the nervous system fits in so accurately with the internal description of the human body given in the Vedas (5000 years ago). Then the question arises whether the Vedas are really religious books or books on anatomy of the nervous system and medicine. • B.G.Rele, in “The Vedic Gods” Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  34. Ancient Indian MedicineAyurved • Ashwini Kumars, Dhanvantari, Sushrut, Charak • Trigunas & Tridhatus • Rani Vishpala artificial limbs Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  35. Branches of Ayurveda Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  36. AyurvedTypes of Treatments Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  37. Surgery • “The surgery of the ancient Indian physicians was bold and skillful. A special branch of surgery was devoted to rhinoplasty or operations for improving deformed ears, noses and forming new ones, which European surgeons have now borrowed.” • SIR W. HUNTER (British Surgeon) Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  38. Plastic Surgery 2,600 years ago • Sushruta 600 BCE • father of surgery and Plastic surgery • used cheek skin to restore/ reshape nose, ears, lips • Modern Rhinoplasty is called Indian Plastic Surgery • 125 types of surgical instruments • (Scalpels, lancets, needles, catheters, rectal speculums) Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  39. Sushruta 600 BCE 300 Different Operations • Sushruta has described • more than 300 types of operations • 42 surgical processes • Surgery divided into 8 types Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  40. Aahaaryam = extracting solid bodies Bhedyam = excision Chhedyam= incision Aeshyam = probing Lekhyam = scarification Vedhyam = puncturing Visraavyam = evacuating fluids Seevyam= suturing Sushruta 600 BCE 8 Types of Surgery Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  41. Philosophy • I have made the Gita as the main source of my inspiration and guide for the purpose of scientific investigations and formation of my theories. • Albert Einstein Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  42. 7 Hindu Philosophical Systems • Nyaya – Vaisesika • Sankhya – Yoga • Purva Mimamsa of Prabhakara Misra • Purva Mimamsa of Kumarila Bhatta • Advaita Vedanta of Sri Sankara • Vishistadvaita Vedanta of Sri Ramanuja • Dvaita Vedanta of Sri Madhva Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  43. Yoga • The science of yoga meditation had been taught by the ancient, sages, gurus, yogis, through oral tradition for thousands of years, they were finally put to Sanskrit by Patanjali in 500 b.c. Pre-eminent among them, even today, are the sages of the Himalayas. Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  44. YOGA Yoga originated in India more than 5000 years ago. Sage Patanjali 8 limbs of Yoga are: Yama and Niyama (moral code of conduct), Asana (postures), Prayayam (breathing exercise), Pratyahar (control of senses) Dharana (concentration), Dhyan (meditation), Samadhi (Union) Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  45. Arts and Education • India is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, grandmother of legend, and great grand mother of tradition. Our most valuable and most instructive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only." • Mark Twain (Writer, 1835 - 1910) Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  46. Nalanda University Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  47. Ancient Military ScienceDHANUR VED • Vishwamitra, Dronacharya, Parashuram • Astra, Shastra & Niyudhha • 3 Types of Shastra - Mukta, Amukta, Muktaa-mukta • Astra is Shastra + Mantra • Mal-yudha, Kalari Payittu, Karate • Vyuha, Durg, Vayu Sena, Nav Sena Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  48. Ancient Indian ArtGANDHARVA VED • 64 Arts Chatush Shashti Kalamayi • Indrajal, Samudrika Lakshanam, Antadi, Samasya Purnam, Ratna Pariksha • Krishi Sashtra, Paak Sashtra Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  49. Town Planning in the Ancient Civilization Mohenjodaro is three miles in circumference which held about 40,000 people. The citadel was about fifty feet high. What is probably the earliest example yet known of city design on a regular pattern. Mohanjadaro City (5000 years ago) Baked brick walls. Layout with roads. Wells to supply baths and an elaborate drainage system throughout the area attest advanced technical skills. Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

  50. Ancient Indian EngineeringSTHAAPATHYA VED • Temples in India, Angkor Wat in Cambodia Suryavarman 10th century. • Temples in Borobudur and Prambanan in Indonesia Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh

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