Green Chemical Clean-up - Biomimicry in Industrial Waste Cleaning

Sermons From Science -- Nov 2017科学布道-- 2017年11月 Sermons from Science have been published in both YouTube under the name “Pastor Chui” and their PowerPoint slides and corresponding videos in the website http://ChristCenterGospel.org since 2011. Just type “Pastor Chui” in Google Search. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http://ChristCenterGospel.org ckchui1@yahoo.com 1/2/2020 1

Green Chemical Clean-up绿色化学清理 • The Institute for Creation Research website published the article written by Brian Thomas. I now quote his article below: • “In another instance of scientists borrowing design elements from natural systems (a process known as biomimicry), researchers have developed a chemical catalyst modeled after peroxidase enzymes. Peroxidase is a complex protein that converts certain chemicals from harmful to benign and is found in almost all living cells. The goal of the recent studies at Carnegie Mellon University is to provide alternative, environmentally friendly options for industrial waste cleaning. 1/2/2020 2

Green Chemical Clean-up绿色化学清理 • “Some of the potential advantages of this kind of “green chemistry” clean-up include the use of small amounts of the peroxidase-mimicking catalyst at normal temperatures, effectiveness in either acidic or basic environments, high efficiency and speed, and the ability to seek-and-destroy certain particularly “recalcitrant pollutants,” even pathogens.1 • “Carnegie Mellon’s Terry Collins, who developed the catalyst, said, “Our recent studies into what occurs during the chemical reaction caused by TAMLs [his chemical invention] proves that the catalysts are indeed really close mimics of peroxidase enzymes.”2 If a close imitation of the enzyme is enough to produce such beneficial effects, what does that say about the nature of the actual enzyme? 1/2/2020 3

Green Chemical Clean-up绿色化学清理 1/2/2020 4

Green Chemical Clean-up绿色化学清理 • “Some of the potential advantages of this kind of “green chemistry” clean-up include the use of small amounts of the peroxidase-mimicking catalyst at normal temperatures, effectiveness in either acidic or basic environments, high efficiency and speed, and the ability to seek-and-destroy certain particularly “recalcitrant pollutants,” even pathogens.1 • “Carnegie Mellon’s Terry Collins, who developed the catalyst, said, “Our recent studies into what occurs during the chemical reaction caused by TAMLs [his chemical invention] proves that the catalysts are indeed really close mimics of peroxidase enzymes.”2 If a close imitation of the enzyme is enough to produce such beneficial effects, what does that say about the nature of the actual enzyme? 1/2/2020 5

Green Chemical Clean-up绿色化学清理 1/2/2020 6

Green Chemical Clean-up绿色化学清理 • ““By knowing the mechanics of the reactions, we can fine tune the catalysts for even better performance,”2Dr. Collins said. If the intimate involvement of a chemist is necessary to build and “fine tune” a facsimile, then the original peroxidase must logically also be the result of a purposeful creation. These tiny cellular “scavengers” “have been designed not to release [harmful oxidants],”3 thereby protecting the surrounding cells. The more that scientists discover about the intricate workings of living organisms, the more we can exclaim, “I am fearfully and wonderfully made: marvellous are thy works; and that my soul knoweth right well.”4” • Thank God for the contribution of writer Brian Thomas. 1/2/2020 7

Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝 1/2/2020 8

Diamond Weevil Studded with Advanced Technology钻石象鼻昆虫具有先进技术 • The Institute for Creation Research website published the article written by Brian Thomas. I now quote his article below: • “The diamond weevil, which makes its home in the Brazilian tropics, has a body studded with tiny, brilliant reflectors. Each one is like a diamond, reflecting different-colored light in shiny arrays. New research has probed the microstructure of these brilliant facets and discovered that the way they work is familiar—but the way they are made is not. 1/2/2020 10

Diamond Weevil Studded with Advanced Technology钻石象鼻昆虫具有先进技术 1/2/2020 11

Diamond Weevil Studded with Advanced Technology钻石象鼻昆虫具有先进技术 • “These insect "diamonds" are not made of carbon like the diamonds in a jewelry store, but instead contain the same sugar-based molecules called chitin that comprise the rest of their outer cuticle. But the 3-dimensional arrangement of the sugar molecules is precise and orderly. In their report published in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface, the researchers called them "biological photonic crystals that act as wavelength-specific reflectors."1 1/2/2020 12

Diamond Weevil Studded with Advanced Technology钻石象鼻昆虫具有先进技术 • “The investigators shone a tiny, focused beam of light on each of the weevil's crystals to peer into its molecular arrangement. It resembled the pentagon and hexagon panels of a soccer ball, but the insects' gem surfaces form hexagon and square "panels" like those of diamond facets. • “The study authors compared the crystalline shape to other theoretically possible shapes and deduced that the weevil crystals have the best possible shape to reflect the maximum amount of light. They wrote, "Extremely large biophotonic nanostructures of E. imperialis [diamond weevil] are structurally optimized for high reflectance."1 1/2/2020 13

Diamond Weevil Studded with Advanced Technology钻石象鼻昆虫具有先进技术 • “Lead author Bodo Wilts told Wired Science, "We've got some catching up to do.….The nature-produced tiny structures are far beyond any human designs."2 • “This finding mirrors a similarly cunning reflectance structure among certain butterflies that was described in a 2010 study. In their report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers detailed their discovery in five butterfly species of "gyroid nanostructure" that refracts green light.3 1/2/2020 14

Diamond Weevil Studded with Advanced Technology钻石象鼻昆虫具有先进技术 • “The butterfly researchers wrote, "These butterflies have evolved to use biological and physical mechanisms that anticipate contemporary approaches to the engineering and manufacture of photonic materials."3 • “The crystal-construction techniques employed by both butterflies and weevils so far exceed the current technological capacities of mankind that engineers are going to try using these insects' organizational tactics as a template to produce new photonic materials. 1/2/2020 15

Diamond Weevil Studded with Advanced Technology钻石象鼻昆虫具有先进技术 • “In both cases, the study authors credited nature or evolution with the origin of these fine structures. But if insect technology is beyond the capability of intelligent people, then shouldn't it rather be attributed to a source with even greater intelligence than man? Nature has no intelligence and no intelligence proxy, leaving a divine Creator as the only possible cause.4 And He rightly deserves the credit for these brilliant biological structures.” • Thank God for the contribution of science writer Brian Thomas. 1/2/2020 16

Scientists Decode Key to Spider Web Strength科学家解密蜘蛛网强度的关键 • The Institute for Creation Research website published the article written by Brian Thomas. I now quote his article below: • “Imagine a cloth that gets stronger after it is damaged. That is what scientists recently discovered when probing the strength of garden spider webs. • “A research team tested the resistance of a spider web's supporting radial threads and compared that with the thinner spiral threads. They found that placing a certain amount of pressure on just one thread caused it to suddenly stiffen and distribute the stress to the rest of the web. 1/2/2020 19

Scientists Decode Key to Spider Web Strength科学家解密蜘蛛网强度的关键 • “Of course, too much damage eventually weakened the web, but the initial damage had the opposite effect. After investigators applied even more pressure, the additional stress was not transferred to the whole web, but to tiny protein crystals acting as stress points on the targeted strand. Whether the scientists pushed on a spiral or radial thread, only that strand broke, leaving the whole web intact. • “In fact, the whole web strengthened with a few broken strands! The study authors wrote, "The ultimate load capacity increased by 3-10% with the introduction of defects."1 1/2/2020 20

Scientists Decode Key to Spider Web Strength科学家解密蜘蛛网强度的关键 1/2/2020 21

Scientists Decode Key to Spider Web Strength科学家解密蜘蛛网强度的关键 • “"Given the presumed metabolic effort required by the spider for rebuilding an entire web, localized failure is preferential as it does not compromise the structural integrity of the web and hence allows it to continue to function for prey capture in spite of the damage," according their report in the journal Nature.1 • “If the entire web broke apart because of stress in one area, like when catching an insect, then the spider would have to constantly recycle and recast a new web. Spiders might not survive the energy cost required by all that work. 1/2/2020 22

Scientists Decode Key to Spider Web Strength科学家解密蜘蛛网强度的关键 • “But because of the superior engineering in both the material and structural layout, spiders can catch multiple meals with the same web, and the web holds its overall strength even in very strong winds. The study authors called this an "optimized" system, meaning that it could not be improved. And if human engineers copy spider web construction tactics, they must conform to "a design stipulation that requires the consideration of both material and structural architecture."1 1/2/2020 23

Scientists Decode Key to Spider Web Strength科学家解密蜘蛛网强度的关键 • “Did nature optimize spider webs, or was this design feature programmed by the Creator? If making mere copies of spider web structure "requires the consideration" of specific elements, then it stands to reason that the origin of spider web construction also required consideration. Nature is, in fact, mindless and cannot consider anything. Since only a real engineer can consider and construct, the Intelligent Designer—our Creator—is certainly responsible for the garden spider web's "enhanced mechanical performance."1” • Thank God for the contribution of science writer Brian Thomas. 1/2/2020 24

What Does It Take to Make a Jellyfish?做一个水母需要什么？ • The Institute for Creation Research website published the article written by Brian Thomas. I now quote his article below: • “Many jellyfish are transparent, and they have seemingly simple movements and few visible interacting parts. They should, therefore, be easy to synthesize with man-made parts, but that's not what bioengineers discovered when they recently built a jellyfish mimic from rat heart cells attached to a silicone frame. • “A team of Unites States collaborators produced a structure that, when energized by an external electrical shock, flexed and moved like a jellyfish in a water tank. Nature News posted a video showing their construct in motion.1 1/2/2020 27

What Does It Take to Make a Jellyfish?做一个水母需要什么？ • “Just what hurdles did the research team overcome in order to achieve their modest results? • “The bioengineers used "a systematic design strategy to reverse engineer a muscular pump," according to the technical report in Nature Biotechnology. They also wrote, "The constructs, termed 'medusoids,' were designed with computer simulations and experiments to match key determinants of jellyfish propulsion and feeding performance by quantitatively mimicking structural design, stroke kinematics and animal-fluid interactions."2 • “Jellyfish may not be so simple after all. 1/2/2020 28

What Does It Take to Make a Jellyfish?做一个水母需要什么？ 1/2/2020 29

What Does It Take to Make a Jellyfish?做一个水母需要什么？ • “Even though it was highly-engineered, the man-made construct is far inferior to the more excellently designed actual jellyfish. ABC News wrote, "their artificial jellyfish, for instance, is far simpler than a real one. A real one can steer through the water; Medusoid could only go straight."3 And perhaps no human engineer will ever devise a jellyfish construct that can repair and reproduce itself. • “The implication is clear. Whoever designed real jellyfish was much smarter than ordinary people.” • Thank God for the contribution of science writer Brian Thomas. 1/2/2020 30

Optimized Engineering in Locust Legs蝗腿优化工程 • The Institute for Creation Research website published the article written by Brian Thomas. I now quote his article below: • “People instantly recognize intelligent engineering in a structure that has optimized size or shape. Optimum parameters don't just happen. So when two mechanical engineers recently discovered optimum sizing in locust legs, to what did they attribute that high level of engineering? 1/2/2020 33

Optimized Engineering in Locust Legs蝗腿优化工程 1/2/2020 34

Optimized Engineering in Locust Legs蝗腿优化工程 • “The researchers from Trinity College Dublin began by modeling hollow cylinders with various radius-to-thickness ratios—the basic shape of a bone's cross-section called the "r/t value." Then they compared their model's optimum ratios to those of the locust tibia, a blue crab leg segment, and the human femur. David Taylor and Jan-Henning Dirks published their results in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface.1 • “What they found confirmed their expectation that "evolutionary selection has operated to optimize the use of bone material."1 But their results also confirmed the expectations of intelligent design theorists and biblical creationists. All three origins frameworks expect to find optimized design in living creatures, but they disagree as to why. 1/2/2020 35

Optimized Engineering in Locust Legs蝗腿优化工程 1/2/2020 36

Optimized Engineering in Locust Legs蝗腿优化工程 • “The locust, actually a grasshopper that only swarms as a locust under certain cues, has a long, narrow tibia as a part of its back leg.2 As opposed to having to resist compression forces, grasshoppers call upon their tibias to resist bending while jumping. The researchers discovered that "the locust tibia has an r/t value that is close to optimal for resisting bending forces, and it appears to have adjusted its detailed shape to improve resistance to ovalization during bending," as would be appropriate for jumping.1 1/2/2020 37

Optimized Engineering in Locust Legs蝗腿优化工程 • “But blue crabs don't jump. The fourth leg segment from the crab body, called the "merus," has a different cross-section than the grasshopper tibia. Could it be optimized for crab life under the sea? The investigators found that a merus with a larger cross-sectional radius but with the same thickness as that of the real blue crab "would cause failure to occur preferentially in bending, while higher values would encourage axial failure."1 Fortunately, the crab leg strikes the perfect balance between the two design extremes, having just the right shape for what it needs. 1/2/2020 38

Optimized Engineering in Locust Legs蝗腿优化工程 • “The same study showed, however, that the human tibia is far from the ideal shape to resist either compression or bending. However, the study, which treated the bones as hollow round tubes, ignored the usefulness of skin, the additional strength provided by muscle, and the multifunctional uses of bone. Plus, people would just look weird as giant arthropods. A separate study found that the human tibia is ideally shaped when it factored in the support added by bone's interior trabecular structure.3 • “Authors Taylor and Dirks substitute natural processes for a real engineer. This is easily seen when one replaces the word "evolutionary" with the word "design" in their sentence: "Looking at the different evolutionary 'approach' of load-bearing structures in arthropods and vertebrates prompts the question: 'is it better to have compact, thick-walled internal bones or broad, thin-walled external ones?'"1 1/2/2020 39

Optimized Engineering in Locust Legs蝗腿优化工程 • “Is it reasonable to expect nature to engineer at all, let alone to optimize structural shapes? Not only is there no evidence that nature is engineering anything today and no evidence that it engineered past arthropods—fossil crabs and insects look just like living crabs and insects—but natural laws themselves show why they could not possibly substitute for a designer.4,5,6 • “So it looks like people can trust their intuition. Crabs, grasshoppers, and human limbs were optimized on purpose by a living Engineer.” • Thank God for the contribution of science writer Brian Thomas. 1/2/2020 40

Millions of Years of Evolution Equal Engineering?数百万年的进化等于工程？ • The Institute for Creation Research website published the article written by Brian Thomas. I now quote his article below: • “Increasing numbers of innovative researchers borrow from biology when they examine and incorporate living systems into man-made designs. We know how man-made designs originate — people design them. But what about living designs? Two recent biomimicry research programs let slip major logic errors when accounting for the origin of the creatures they copy: the seahorse and kangaroo. 1/2/2020 43

Millions of Years of Evolution Equal Engineering?数百万年的进化等于工程？ • “In a video posted online about a year ago, researchers led by the University of California's Joanna McKittrick were seen mimicking the seahorse tail's expert balance between flexibility and rigidity in their hopes to copy seahorse armor to make robotic arms.1 As the tail flexes, its bony plates slide over one another to both protect its sensitive internal spine as it grasps objects under the sea, like stems or corals. • “How did the ingenious seahorse armor arise? According to Reuters, "The next step is to create artificial bony plates connected to polymers that would act as muscles, the beginning of a process adapting millions of years of evolution for modern scientific solutions.”1 1/2/2020 44

Millions of Years of Evolution Equal Engineering?数百万年的进化等于工程？ 1/2/2020 45

Millions of Years of Evolution Equal Engineering?数百万年的进化等于工程？ • “How do they know that evolution crafted seahorses and their splendid armored tails? After all, smart and trained people exercised focused intent when they selected the right materials, shaped them and then joined the man-made tail model parts together. "Evolution” never uses intent. Will, volition, and desire are not part of evolution's supposed process, and neither is intelligence. • “Likewise, how do they know the process took millions of years? After all, additional time only wears machines down—the opposite of building them up. 1/2/2020 46

Millions of Years of Evolution Equal Engineering?数百万年的进化等于工程？ • “More recently, German engineers built a robotic kangaroo. As amazing as the invention is, an online video reveals the models underperform when compared to the living kangaroo's graceful locomotive modus. Nevertheless, the team had to use problem-solving skills to build its robot. BBC News said, "According to engineers, getting it to balance on landing was the real technical challenge, achieved by fine-tuning the movement of the hips and tail.”2 • “If problem-solving skills were required to fine-tune this inferior robot copy, then why were similar skills not also required to achieve the original, superior kangaroo setup? Explaining the process of biomimicry, BBC News said, "It basically piggybacks on the millions of years of research that occur through evolution and natural selection.”2 1/2/2020 47

Millions of Years of Evolution Equal Engineering?数百万年的进化等于工程？ 1/2/2020 48

Millions of Years of Evolution Equal Engineering?数百万年的进化等于工程？ • “The same logic errors reappear. Evolution and natural selection cannot conduct research—only people can do that. Scientists should admit that, over time, natural processes reduce designed structures, like automobiles or genomes, so adding millions of years into the equation actually makes a less realistic explanation for the design of such structures as the kangaroo's hips and tail.3 • “The German engineers did not roll out countless random collections of scrap metal and select ones that jumped. After millions of years of junk-monitoring, that approach would only see the scrap turn to dust. Instead, they carefully planned and constructed their jumping robot, then revealed all the robot's integrated systems all at once. What's so hard about admitting that the original kangaroo might also have been revealed fully assembled all at once, only thousands of years ago? 1/2/2020 49

Millions of Years of Evolution Equal Engineering?数百万年的进化等于工程？ • “Apparently, "millions of years” of "evolution” are supposed to somehow substitute for a real Creator. For those who accept the Creator's actual problem-solving and materials engineering expertise, the logic errors left by His two sorry substitutes stand out as starkly as the amazing seahorse from its watery home.” • Thank God for the contribution of science writer Brian Thomas. 1/2/2020 50

Green Chemical Clean-up - Biomimicry in Industrial Waste Cleaning

Green Chemical Clean-up - Biomimicry in Industrial Waste Cleaning

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