Fashion Study Guide

1. Fashion Study Guide

2. Elements and Principles • LINE Draws the eye in a desired direction • Vertical – straight up and down • Horizontal – Across a design • Diagonal – Slanting line • Curved – Rounded lines, adds interest

3. Elements of Design • FORMThe shape, silhouette, or outline of a design • Texture – The feel of the fabric of the garment • COLOR The emphasis created through use of color.

4. Principles of Design • BALANCE –Equilibrium in a design • Symmetrical – Even or the same on both sides of a design • Asymmetrical – Different on both sides but the two different aspects visually balance each other. • Out of Balance – one part of the design overpowers the rest

5. Principles of Design • RHYTHMThe pattern of a design that allows the eye to move in the desired direction • Repetition - Pattern repeated over and over • Gradation - Gradual increase or decrease in size, pattern, color, or texture. • Contrast - Two different colors or patterns in two different areas of a garment or design

6. Principles of Design • Emphasis - The main focal point of a design. The thing the eye notices first • Proportion - The relationship of the size of one part to the size of another part of a design • In-proportion – all parts are of equal size to other parts • Out of proportion – one part is much larger than the other parts • Harmony - All areas of the design are related to each other and there is a feeling of ease when viewing the design.

7. Sewing Terms • Backstitch – Sewing a few stitches in a backward direction to ensure that the seam does not come undone • Wrong-side of the fabric - the side of fabric that is worn against the body, seams show on this side • Yardage – amount of fabric needed to complete a sewing project

8. Sewing Terms • Basting – Sewing in long, loose stitches to temporarily hold something together • Zigzag - a back and forth stitch done on the edges of seams to keep them from raveling • Raw edge – The cut edge of the fabric

9. Sewing Terms • Notions – All the things needed to finish a sewing process such as thread, binding, buttons, seam ripper, etc. • Interfacing – a cloth that is made to stiffen parts of an article of clothing such as a collar or button holes of a shirt

10. Sewing Terms • Right Side – The side of the fabric that is worn to the outside. • Hem – The finished edges of a garment that are made by folding under the raw edges and sewing down • Casing – A space formed between two parallel lines of stitching through two layers of cloth into which something may be inserted such as a drawstring • Clip – To make small cuts in the curved part of a seam so that it lays flat.

11. Sewing Terms • Dart – A stitched tapering fold in a garment that allows the garment to fit closer to the curves of the body • Gathering – To pull fabric along a line of stitching so it draws into a pucker • Seam – To join two pieces of fabric together by sewing • Press – An up and down motion with an iron used to flatten garment details during construction. Makes seam lay flat, so they are easier to sew and professional in appearance.

12. Sewing Questions • What stitch length do you set your machine at when you are sewing a normal stitch? 2 ½ to 3 • Why do you zigzag and how do you do it? So the seam allowance doesn’t ravel as you wear and wash it • Why do you press each part of the garment as you are sewing? For a clean, finished look, and so the parts lay down and are easier to sew

13. Sewing Questions • Why do you backstitch and how do you do it? To secure the ends of the seams so they don’t come apart, hold the backstitch button and backstitch a few stitches at the start and end of a seam • Why do you wash your fabric before you sew it? To pre-shrink the fabric so it doesn’t shrink after you sew it together

14. Bobbin Winder Sewing Machine Hand Wheel Stitch Width Control Presser Foot Needle Feed Dogs Stitch Length Control Bobbin Case

15. Sewing Machine Parts • Stitch length – controls length of stitches – how small or large the stitch is • Stitch width – Controls how wide the zigzag will be • Presser foot – Hold the fabric down as you sew • Needle – Pulls thread through fabric to secure stitches

16. Sewing Machine Parts • Bobbin Winder – winds thread onto a bobbin • Hand wheel – allows the sewer to move the needle up and down manually • Feed dogs – pulls the fabric through the machine as sewing occurs • Bobbin Case – hold the bobbin thread

17. Fabric and Fibers • What is the difference between a weave and a knit? A weave is interlocking loops that create a stretchy fabric • A woven is threads that are placed over and under each other creating a tight, structured fabric • What is a non-woven fabric? – fibers that are pressed together – felt or interfacing

18. Fibers and Fabrics • What are three natural plant fibers? • Cotton • Bamboo • Flax or linen • 33. What are three natural animal fibers? • Wool • Silk • Angora • Camel

19. Fibers and Fabrics • What are three manufactured fibers? • Polyester • Acrylic • Nylon • Acetate

20. Fibers and Fabrics • Cotton • Cool, soft, comfortable, and the principle clothing fiber of the world. • Absorbs and releases perspiration quickly, thus allowing the fabric to "breathe". • Cotton can stand high temperatures and takes dyes easily.

21. Fibers and Fabrics • Bamboo • More sustainable than other fibers – environmentally friendly • Highly water absorbent - makes it a good wicking fabric • Breathable • Soft • Has antibacterial qualities • Insulating properties that make the wearer cooler in summer and warmer in winter

22. Fibers and Fabrics • Wool • Fibers from animal coats: Sheep, goats, alpacas, llama... • Returns to its original position after being stretched or creased • will absorb up to 30% of its weight in moisture without feeling damp • dirt resistant, flame resistant, and, in many weaves, resists wear and tearing.

23. Fibers and Fabrics • Silk • Fibers from the cocoon of the silkworm • Silk is the strongest natural fiber • Silk absorbs moisture, which makes it cool in the summer and warm in the winter • Silk retains its shape, drapes well, caresses the figure, and shimmers with a luster all its own

24. Fibers and Fabrics • NYLON • An extremely versatile fabric that serves as knit wear, hosiery, outdoor clothing and products, and carpeting • Water resistant • Not very breathable

25. Fibers and Fabrics • POLYESTER • a strong fiber that is resistant to crease and thus keeps it shape • Blends of polyester give cotton a permanent press property and extend the wear of these blended garments.

26. Fibers and Fabrics • Acrylic • a fine, soft, and luxurious fabric with the bulk and hand of wool • Light weight and springy, this fabric is non-allergenic, dries quickly, draws moisture away from the body and is washable • Used most often to make sweaters

27. Fibers and Fabrics • Acetate • Drapes well • Is usually a silky type fabric used in special occasion wear • Breathes okay and is somewhat comfortable to wear • Can look cheap • Must be dyed before it is made into fibers

28. Sewing Questions • When you lay out your pattern pieces on the fabric, how many pieces are usually cut from one pattern piece? 2 • What is the purpose of measuring the grain line when you lay your pattern out on the fabric? So your pattern will be straight on the fabric, ensuring you cut it out straight

29. Fashion Terms • Classic Fashion - a traditional style that stays in fashion for a very long time. • Style - refers to the shape of a particular item of clothing that makes it easy to recognize. • Fad - a fashion that is very popular for only a short time • Trend - The general direction that fashion is moving. • Refers to a certain aspect of fashion, like skirt length

30. Fashion Terms • Avant Guarde - A French expression that in the clothing industry means being ahead of fashion. • Haute Couture - French for “Fine Tailoring” • Made for the individual customer, look and fit take priority over the cost of materials and the time it takes to make • Designer Label - A cross between couture and mass market, not a huge number of each garment is made • Apparel - applies to any men’s, women’s, and children’s clothing • Garment - any article of clothing such as sweater, dress, suit

31. Fashion Terms • Silhouette - the shape of the clothing style • Fashion Cycle - the periodic disappearance and later reappearance of specific styles or general shapes. • Draped - those that are wrapped or hung on the human body. • Tailored - made by first cutting garment pieces and then sewing them together to fit that shape of a particular body. • Ready to wear - mass produced in factories

32. Color • Monochromatic - refers to the tints, tones and shades of one color • Complementary – Colors across from each other on the color wheel – Red and Green • Triad – Three colors equally spaced on the color wheel – Red, Yellow, and Blue • Analogous – Colors next to each other on the color wheel – yellow-green, green, blue-green and blue

33. Color • Split-Complementary - An original complimentary color (red) plus the two colors to either side of the opposing compliment (Yellow-green and blue-green). • What are tints and shades? • Tint – a color plus white – light blue • Shade – a color plus black – navy blue • What are the three primary colors? • Red, Yellow and Blue

34. Color • What is a hue? the name of a color • What is color value? Lightness or Darkness of a color • Explain warm and cool colors • Warm colors – Red, Orange, Yellow • Cool Colors – Green, Blue, Purple • What is accented neutral? • A pop of color (red) used with neutral colors such as black.

35. Reasons to wear clothes • Protection • Psychological • Self –esteem • Social • What is adornment – Decoration of clothing or self

36. Body Styles • Slender / Rectangle • Wear tops that give some illusion of curves, accentuate the waist • Wear pencil skirts and skinny jeans • Wear bold colors and prints • Find pants with big pockets preferably with flaps – helps the bottom look curvier

37. Body Styles • Pear Body Shape • Dress up the top – bold colors/Patterns • Get pants with flared or wide legs • Wear darker washes and colors on the bottom • Wear shoes with pointed toes – gives the illusion of longer legs

38. Body Styles • Hourglass • Enhance the bust and waist • Wear longer tops to lengthen torso • Wear darker fabrics to make the figure appear slimmer/smaller • Wear dresses that have a fitted middle • Wear jeans with a flare or wider leg

39. Body Shapes • Apple Body Shape • Find tops to lengthen and elongate the torso • Wear a wrap style top – the line creates an illusion of slimness • Wear an empire or raised waist • Wear dark, solid colors on top • Play up the legs and slim bottom by wearing pencils or A line skirts • Wear pants that have pockets with flaps – gives the illusion of more bottom