US Particle Accelerator School: A Vital Resource for the Office of Science & NSF Presentation to HEPAP AARD Sub-p

1. US Particle Accelerator School: A Vital Resource for the Office of Science & NSFPresentation to HEPAP AARD Sub-panel William Barletta USPAS Director 16 February 2006

2. USPASVision & Mission “USPAS is an essential partner of U. S. universities & national laboratories in training the next generation of accelerator scientists and technologists for the challenging accelerators of the future.”The US Particle Accelerator School provides graduate-level educational programs in the science of beams and their associated accelerator technologies

3. Why USPAS is critical to SC & NSF The next 10 years will see operation of challenging machines: SNS, LHC, X-ray FELs, laser-driven accelerators & ILC Well-trained accelerator physicists & engineers are essential to a rich & productive future in accelerator based science USPAS trains more early career scientists & engineers than ever It is an opportunity to mentor and counsel not just teach USPAS is a growing contributor to the education of accelerator scientists and technologists internationally International outreach directly benefits DOE & NSF laboratories

4. USPAS charter for educational stewardship from Office of Science & NSF • Founded & nurtured under HEP auspices • Letter from the four Energy Research AD’s allows & encourages national laboratory sponsorship & support (1992) • Governing Board of sponsoring partners oversees USPAS • 7 SC laboratories (FNAL, ANL, BNL, JLAB, LBNL, ORNL, SLAC) • 2 NNSA laboratories (LANL, LLNL) • 2 NSF funded universities (Cornell, MSU) • Sponsoring partners provide programmatic support • Partner contribution - $25 k/yr • Partner institutions support all teaching costs • HEP directly funds USPAS Office at FNAL We greatly appreciate the strong and continuing support of HEP USPAS needs greater visibility with non-HEP communities Orbach suggests periodic reports to BESAC, NSAC, etc.

5. USPAS Organization & Governance • National Graduate School • Governance & support by a consortium of 9 DOE national laboratories plus 2 NSF University laboratories • Board of Governors with elected Chair • Organized under an MOU & By-laws • Program Advisory Committee • USPAS Director • Appointed by BOG • Funded by DOE/HEP • Staff Office at Fermilab (Managing Institution) • Funded by DOE/HEP by FY2000 agreement • Fiduciary administration by Fermilab I hope that the Sub-panel will recommend SC’s continuation of the support agreements

6. USPAS Operations • Started in 1981 with seminar style presentations • Since 1987 USPAS is organized like a university course program (academic courses for credit) • 2 schools annually hosted at different US universities • Typical attendance per school ~ 130 students • Scholarship support available for matriculated graduate students • 33 university style schools with >2800 students • Also ten Joint Schools with CERN & KEK

7. USPAS approach stresses academic rigor • Goal: Provide education & training in accelerator physics and technology • Method: University courses with homework, exams and university credit from host universities • Means: Lectures & “hands-on”laboratory courses & activities • Typical school program: ~ 4 two-week courses on main subjects ~8 one week courses, mostly technology and highly specialized subjects

8. USPAS Session Format and Logistics Typically: • Have school at a hotel • Hotel usually provides complementary meeting rooms • (based on # of sleeping rooms) • Breakfast & dinner provided • Supported students share a room • We rent computers (PCs, printers, network) • We provide textbooks as requested by instructors • Get expensive instrumentation (3 network analyzers etc.) from Agilent • Pay hosting university ~$240 per credit student • Students may ask hosting university for transcript

9. USPAS University-Style Schools Cumulative Numbers & Averages, 1987-`06 • Course Statistics • Total Number of Programs 33 • Total Number of Courses ~ 220 • Total Number of Students > 2800 • Total Number of Attendances ~ 4100 • Total Number of Working Days/ Program 10 • Average Attendance per Program ~130 • Average Number of Courses /Program 8 • Average Number of Teachers & Support / Course 2.1 • Average Percentage of Credit Students ~ 60 % • Credit Student Workload during Course 8 hr/day • Current level of university students ~ 50 % • International collaborative schools 10

10. USPAS Degree Program Masters Degree in Beam Physics and Accelerator Technology from Indiana University & USPAS So far: 4 graduates Requirements: 30 Credit Hours: with grade point average of B or above * IU/USPAS Courses * Classical Mechanics and Electromagnetism courses (transferred to IU from previous university or if taken at USPAS program, one course will count for both requirements) * Master's Thesis (3 - 9 credits) * Final Examination or oral defense of thesis

11. We develop the USPAS curriculum to meet SC and NSF needs • USPAS Program Committee meets annually • Goal: Align curriculum with evolving accelerator-based science • Goal: Align curriculum with needs of sponsoring institutions • Representatives from the sponsoring labs plus universities plus USPAS director • The agenda is simple: • Review past schools and successes • Recommend courses & possible instructors for next four schools. • Final program & instructors are set by USPAS director with the approval of the Governing Board • Host university approves courses & gives instructors temporary appointments

12. Relevance: Course offerings cover all areas of interest to the DOE & NSF

13. S-2005 USPAS at Cornell June 20 - July 1 Two Weeks Accelerator Fundamentals Yannis Papaphilippou Accelerator Physics Waldo Mackay (BNL) RF Systems J. Sebek (SLAC/SSRL) Computational Methods in K. Ko (SLAC) Electromagnetism One Week RF Engineering and Signal Accelerators in Medical John Fox (SLAC) J. Flanz (MIT) Processing Applications J. Tanabe (LBNL Precision Alignment Magnet Engineering R. Ruland (SLAC) (emeritus) Techniques Laser Physics and Optics J. Chaloupka (College of Recirculating Linac ERL G. Krafft (JLAB) Technology W&M) Beam Halos in Charged T. Wangler (LANL Wakefields and R. Jones (SLAC) Particle Accelerators emeritus) Impedances Sample of session curriculum

14. USPAS Initiative: Curricula w. organizing themes Confirmed lecturers in black Such sessions must also balance demand for fundamental training in accelerator science and engineering

15. Who teaches?Sources of support for USPAS instructors Instructors also benefit from their teaching experience

16. Which DOE& NSH programs do USPAS students work for? (Estimate from historical funding of and attendance from sponsoring laboratories)

17. Sessions 1997 - 2006 110 Number of students Session attendance remains high The ASU school lost several students at the last minute due to visa problems

18. Our students favor fundamentals

19. Students from sponsoring laboratories Sessions: 1997 - 2005

20. 2006 ASU Participation by non-US students is now >20% • Breakdown by • Foreign Country • Winter, 2005 • Australia 1 • Austria 1 • Brazil 1 • Chile 1 • China 1 • Colombia 1 • England 7 • Germany 3 • Italy 12 • Slovenia 1 • Sweden 1 • Taiwan 12 • Turkey 1 • ______________________ • Total foreign 43 Steady increase of students from Europe & Asia demonstrates preference for an academically rigorous school

21. Steady progress in increasing attendance by women

22. Example of student diversity: Winter 2005 session

23. Student & University feedback improves our planning of future sessions Student Survey

24. 2.5 250 Program cost # of students 2.0 200 1.5 150 Cost per school k$ Cost per student (k$) 1.0 100 0.5 50 0 0.0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 We have successfully managed USPAS session economics UCLA UCSB UCB MIT Cost per student has remained roughly constant for past eight years

25. USPAS Initiative: Provide more “hands-on” training • Present practice • Experimental component of Accelerator Fundamentals course • Experimental course in Microwave Measurements • Periodic schools where there is a machine with a flexible schedule • Stanford, UWisconsin, Duke, MSU, U.Md, Vanderbuilt • Our initiative for new DOE & NSF funding • 2 month internships at labs - • Interns selected by course instructors • Instructors serve as mentors to the interns • ~ $200 k would provide ~20 student internships • Improved experiments for Fundamentals course • < $50 k for experiments fabricated at university shops • Asst. Sec. Orbach was very supportive of this idea • Recommended briefings to all Ads as next step • Recommend 30 min presentation about USPAS to all SC advisory committees

26. Thank you for this opportunity to brief you