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UCLA Advanced Accelerator Program (excluding PWFA@FFTB)

UCLA Advanced Accelerator Program (excluding PWFA@FFTB). J. Rosenzweig Representing: D. Cline, C. Joshi, W. Mori, C. Pellegrini HEPAP AARD Subpanel Palo Alto, December 21, 2005. EXPERIMENTS. Dr. Chris Clayton. Dr. Sergei Tochitsky. Ken Marsh. Jay Sung,. Neptune Lab. Joe Ralph,.

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UCLA Advanced Accelerator Program (excluding PWFA@FFTB)

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  1. UCLA Advanced Accelerator Program (excluding PWFA@FFTB) J. Rosenzweig Representing: D. Cline, C. Joshi, W. Mori, C. Pellegrini HEPAP AARD Subpanel Palo Alto, December 21, 2005

  2. EXPERIMENTS Dr. Chris Clayton Dr. Sergei Tochitsky Ken Marsh Jay Sung, Neptune Lab Joe Ralph, Neptune Lab Devon Johnson, SLAC Fang Fang, Neptune Lab David Auerbach, SLAC UCLA Program on Plasma Based Accelerators Collaborators: C. Joshi, P.I . Professors J. Rosenzweig & C. Pellegrini W. Mori, Co-P.I. Professor R. Siemann , Dr. M. Hogan (SLAC) C. Clayton, Co-P.I. Professors T. Katsouleas & P. Muggli (USC) Professor B. Dangor , Dr. Z. Najmudin (IC-UK) THEORY & SIMULATIONS Professor Warren Mori Dr. Frank Tsung, (Postdoc, 10%) Chengkun Huang, Neptune, SLAC, (Postdoc 10%) Wei Lu, Neptune, SLAC Administrative Support Miaomiao Zhou, Neptune, SLAC Maria Guerrero, 50% UCLA Plasma Accelerator Group Joshi/Mori Group Staff Students Students

  3. Goals of the Plasma Accelerator (Joshi-Mori) Group @ UCLA • Source of new ideas and techniques for plasma based acceleration–LongRange • Vigorous in-house experimental program on advanced accelerator research–Long Range • Plasma wakefield scheme as an afterburner for linear collider–medium range • Massively parallel computations for advanced accelerator research–medium range • Train students and postdocs

  4. Statistical Data • Funding: DOE-HEP @ $1 million/yr average since 1987 SciDAC ~ $170 K /year Theory and Simulations NSF ~ $150 K/year • Facilities: Neptune @ UCLA, 1998 - present FFTB @ SLAC, 1999 - present SABER @ SLAC, as soon as it is built • Users at Neptune: Joshi, Rosenzweig, Pellegrini, Muggli, Katsouleas

  5. 1. Source of New Ideas • Plasma Beat Wave Accelerator (PBWA) • Plasma Wakefield Accelerator (PWFA) • Laser Wakefield Accelerator (LWFA) • Plasma and E.M. Wigglers for FELs • Tunable Radiation Generation Using Ionizations Fronts • Plasma Lenses for Focusing particle Beams • Cherenkov Radiation from Plasmas

  6. 2. In-house Experimental Program on Plasma Acceleration: Highlights (I) PBWA Everett et. al., Nature 368, 527 (1994) • First demonstration of acceleration at > 1 GeV/m in plasma • Energy gain exceeded the trapping energy Plasma Lens Hairapetian et al., PRL 72, 2403 (1994) • Focusing of a 5 MeV electron beam by a factor of two using an overdense plasma lens • Time dependent focusing demonstrated

  7. 2. In-house Experimental Program on Plasma Acceleration: Highlights (II) Self Modulated LWFA Modena et. al., Nature 377, 606 (1995) • Raman Forward Scattering shown to be capable of accelerating electrons • nC of charge, self-trapped and accelerated in a gas jet experiment Relativistic Guiding Clayton et. al., PRL 81, 100 (1998) • Relativistic guiding of a 20 TW laser over 20 Rayleigh lengths shown • A relativistic plasma wave was shown to reside inside the self- guided channel

  8. 2. In-house Experimental Program on Plasma Acceleration: Highlights (III) Breaking the 100 MeV barrier Gordon et al., PRL 80, 2133 (1998) • Greater than 100 MeV energy gain in plasmas seen for the first time • Energy gain greater than linear dephasing limit Second Generation PBWA Expts Tochitsky et al., PRL 92, 095004 (2004) • Second generation Plasma Beat Wave Accelerator experiment in Neptune shows injected 12 MeV particles gaining energy out to 50 MeV

  9. 3. UCLA Program at SLAC: UCLA/USC/SLAC Collaboration 15 GeV acceleration in 30 cm plasma (Length Scaling of Energy Gain) E164X breaks GeV barrier, Hogan et al., PRL 95, 054802 (2005) Matched beam propagation leads to first acceleration, Muggli et al., PRL 93, 014802 (2004) Positron acceleration by plasma, Blue et al., PRL 90, 214801 (2003) Positron focusing of plasma column, Hogan et al., PRL 90, 205002 (2003) Betatron x-ray emission using plasma, Wang et al., PRL 88, 135004 (2002) Plasma as a thick focusing optic, Clayton et al., PRL 88, 154801 (2002) Refraction of Electron Beam, Muggli et al., Nature 411, 43 (2001) Talk by R. Siemann at this meeting

  10. afterburner hosing E164X 4. MASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTATIONS IN AID OF PLASMA ACCELERATION RESEARCH OSIRIS: (Full PIC) • Moving window, parallel • Dynamic load balancing • Field and Impact Ionization • Successfully applied to full 3D modeling of LWFA and PWFA experiments • QuickPIC: • Highly efficient quasi-static model for beam- • driven plasma accelerators • Fully parallel with dynamic load balancing • Ponderomotive guiding center + envelope • models for laser driven • ADK model for field ionization • At least100x faster than full PIC

  11. 5. PH.D STUDENTS TRAINED IN PAST FIVE YEARS Advisor: • Brian Duda, 2000 Mori • Shuoqin Wang, 2002 Joshi • Brent Blue, 2003 Joshi • Catalin Filip, 2003 Joshi • Ritesh Narang, 2003 Joshi • Chengkun Huang, 2005 Mori Over 25 Ph.Ds granted since group’s inception. Faculty placed at USC, UCLA, U. Michigan/Nebraska, Florida A&M, CalState, U. Osaka 5 Student Awards including two Best Ph.D. Thesis Awards

  12. Advanced Accelerator Physics at UCLA Physics & Astronomy:Cline GroupThe Cline group was the first experimental advanced accelerator group in the UCLA Physics Dept., formed initially at U. Wisconsin Members of the group: D. Cline, A. Garren, Y. Fukui, K. Lee, F. Zhou, X. Yang, L. Shao (PhD Student) and undergraduate students at UCLA Key collaborators: H. Kirk (BNL), M. Ross (SLAC) W. Kimura (STI), V. Yakimenko, I. Pogorelsky (BNL/ATF), Y. Ho and Q. Kang (Fudon University) Muon Collider Collaborators: ILC University Research Program, ATF/BNL Faculty Goals of team: Training of PhD students and postdoctoral people The study and design of beam cooling and muon colliders/neutrino factories Development of beam monitors for the ILC Advanced accelerator concepts at the BNL ATF

  13. Activities of the Cline Advanced Accelerator Team (1) Training of PhD Students This group has trained 15 PhD or MS students. Pre-history at Univ. Wisconsin included D. Larson, J. Rosenzweig, X. Wang; more recently P. He has joined BNL staff (2) Muon Collider/Neutrino Factory The modern development of the muon collider was started by this group in 1992 with a meeting in Napa, California. During the 1990s we held five key conferences and muon collider collaboration meetings. Current work: - The fiber tracker for MICE cooling experiments      - The study of various ring coolers for muon colliders - The design of a special muon collider to study Higgs bosons that could be discovered at the LHC (A, H Higgs)

  14. Ring Coolers and Muon Colliders/Higgs Factories David B. Cline  Center for Advanced Accelerators, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA   We describe the progress in the simulation of 6D cooling of  beams for use in neutrino factories and muon beam colliders. We concentrate on the final cooling needed to reach the emmittance required for a SUSY Higgs factory using high-pressure gas ring coolers and Li lens ring coolers. Figure 1. Recent concept for a +- collider Higgs factory.

  15. Laser acceleration at BNL ATF Demonstration of High-Trapping Efficiency and Narrow Energy Spread in a Laser-Driven Accelerator W.D. Kimura, et al., Physical Review Letters, 2003 Laser-driven electron accelerators (laser linacs) offer the potential for enabling much more economical and compact devices. However, the development of practical and efficient laser linacs requires accelerating a large ensemble of electons together (“trapping”) while keeping their energy spread small. This has never been realized before for any laser acceleration system. We present here the first demonstration of a high-trapping efficiency and narrow energy spread via laser acceleration. Trapping efficiencies of up to 80% and energy spreads down to 0.36% (1) were demonstrated. Staging, low energy spread demonstrated

  16. Next generation advanced accelerator scheme: Vacuum laser acceleration

  17. ODR (Optical Diffraction Radiation) Beam Size Detector at SLAC FFTB Experiment in support of ILC diagnostic development

  18. Rosenzweig-Pellegrini Group:the Particle Beam Physics Lab (PBPL) • Group built upon three research thrusts • Strong connections between all areas • Common themes: multi-disciplinary, high energy density (relativistic) interactions, ultra-fast systems • Basic beam physics and technology underpins other two areas Advanced accelerators Advanced light sources High brightness electron beams

  19. Aspects of Research Program Cutting-edge experiments Advanced technology • Scientific disciplines touched upon include: • Beam-plasma interaction; beam material interaction • Collective beam effects, nonlinear beam dynamics • Beam-radiation interaction; instabilities • Device physics: high power microwaves, lasers, THz • Ultra-fast measurements Education Simulation and advanced computing Basic theory

  20. Group statistics • Population • Faculty: 2 (new hires coming) • Profession researchers: 2 • Technical staff: 5 • Graduate students: 7 • Undergraduates: 4-6 • Financial support (must be diverse!) • DoE HEP: ~780k$/yr (70% Neptune, 30% off-campus) • Other: ~650k$/yr • DoE BES+LCLS; NSF; LLNL/UC; foreign partners, industrial partners

  21. UCLA PBPL collaborators • UCLA EE dept. • PBWA; high brightness beam studies, sub-ps beams; IFEL acceleration; laser-structure acceleration • SLAC • ORION/E163; LCLS & FEL physics; RF techniques • BNL ATF • fsec compression, CSR; FEL physics; RF gun development • FNAL (recently inactive) • A0/TESLA injector; Plasma wakefield and lens experiments • LLNL • Inverse Compton scattering; basic beam physics, velocity bunching, micro-focusing • INFN/Roma/Frascati/Milano • Electron sources; beam dynamics; ultra-fast measurements • Past collab.: LANL, ANL AWA, Tel Aviv Univ. Students are exposed to national lab and university collaborators throughout education Two way pipeline for sharing expertise; one-way pipeline for future employment

  22. PBPL Experimental Facilities • State-of-the-art accelerator/laser labs • Neptune Advanced Accelerator Lab • MARS 2-frequency TW CO2 laser (Joshi) • Cutting edge photoinjector complex • PEGASUS Radiation Lab • Off-campus (PBPL aided in construction) • BNL ATF • SLAC ORION & FFTB • LLNL PLEIADES/FINDER • INFN/LNF SPARC Pegasus lab at UCLA

  23. Education • Graduate course yearly: Physics 250 • Introduction and special topics • Strong USPAS attendance • Also involved as regular lecturers • Undergrad. course: Physics 150 • Led to text Fundamentals of Beam Physics (Oxford, 2003) • Unified treatment of charged particle and laser beams • Research! • Most projects student-centered • Hands-on; all aspects of research • Thesis projects aimed a PRL level • >90 refereed publications (>70 PR)

  24. PBPL graduates now spread throughout accelerator community • David Robin (CP). Accelerator Physics Group Leader at ALS • Spencer Hartman (CP). Director, Raytheon microwave defense • Gil Travish (JR). UCLA PBPL, associate researcher • Andrei Terebilo (CP). SSRL scientist, SPEAR 3 • Nick Barov (JR). Far-Tech, SBIR accelerator technology firm • Mark Hogan (CP). SLAC ARDB scientist • Eric Colby (JR). Panofsky Fellow, SLAC ARDB scientist • Aaron Tremaine (JR). LLNL scientist, PLEIADES Compton source • Xiadong Ding (CP). Titan, medical linacs • Scott Anderson (JR). LLNL scientist, PLEIADES Compton source • Alex Murokh (JR). RadiaBeam, SBIR accelerator technology firm • Pietro Musumeci (CP). Univ. Roma, SPARC FEL project • Matthew Thompson (JR). LLNL post-doc, advanced accelerators/X-rays • Kip Bishofberger (JR). LANL post-doc, high brightness beams • 2006: Joel England (JR), Gerard Andonian (JR), Jay Lim (JR) • PBPL post-docs: SLAC/ANL/LLNL (5), Industry (1) Univ. (3) , Foreign (1)

  25. BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell RF gun (>10 made, still improving) Plane wave transformer injector World’s record strength (560 T/m) permanent magnet quadrupole Hybrid traveling wave/standing wave photoinjector “Backbone” of PBPL research: advanced technology • Connects advanced accelerators to conventional community • Designed and built in-house • Design codes (students, engineers) • World-class shop • RF structures • 1.6 cell RF photocathode gun • Advanced RF accelerating structures • RF deflector for fs beam measurements • Magnetic devices • Linear, nonlinear beam optics, bends • Permanent magnet undulators, quads

  26. Diverse theoretical contributions • Space-charge dominated beams • Emittance compensation, chicane pulse compression, velocity bunching • Plasma wakefields • Blowout regime, matching, ion collapse • FEL, Compton scattering • SASE, spiking, QFEL, TW undulator • Radiative effects in beams • CSR, CTR microbunching, diamag. fields • Dielectric accelerating structures • Slab symmetric laser-excitation, ultra-high field wakes Ion collapse in PWFA afterburner scenario J.B. Rosenzweig, et al., PRL 95, 195002 (2005)

  27. Recent Experimental Results I: Neptune IFEL • 0.5 TW 10 m laser • Highest recorded IFEL acceleration • 15 MeV beam accelerated to over 35 MeV in 25 cm • First observation of higher harmonic IFEL interaction P. Musumeci, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 154801 (2005) Energy analysis of Neptune IFEL experiment

  28. Computed and measured Ta K-edge diffraction pattern at PLEIADES PMQ final focus system; 15 micron beam image Recent Experimental Results II: Compton scattering @ LLNL • Applications to: • Polarized positron •  collider • 300 fs beams from velocity bunching • Focusing from PMQ ultra-strong final focus • Ultra-high peak brightness X-rays used in diffraction studies • Next stage (nonlinear Compton) at Neptune • D. J. Gibson, et al.,, Phys. Plasmas, 11 2857 (2004)

  29. Round beam, flat beam underdense plasma lens images Spectrometer images (150 MV/m case) Recent Experimental Results III: beam-plasma interaction • Experiments at FNAL A0 lab • Beam ~stopped in PWFA blowout expt • 12 MeV in 8 cm • Underdense plasma lens (nb>np) • Very low aberration • Asymmetric beams (LC scenario)

  30. CER CTR Neptune slit-based phase space measurement; uncompressed and compressed beam ATF/UCLA compressor CER energy v. RF phase CTR autocorrelation of bunch length Recent Experimental Results IV: Compression and Coherent Radiation • 13 MeV experiments at Neptune • transverse phase space bifurcation • Velocity field dominant • 70 MeV BNL ATF expts now underway • <100 fs beams • Coherent “edge” radiation • Phase space distortions from acceleration fields S.G. Anderson, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 074803 (2003).

  31. w q Measurement of double-differential spectrum Recent Experimental Results V: Ultra-broad spectrum SASE FEL • Bandwidth of up to 15% observed at high gain • Start-to-end simulations give details of microscopic physics • Red-shifting of off-axis modes dominant Ultra-wide measured bandwidth at VISA II Output of start-to-end simulations of VISA II

  32. Recent Experimental Results VI: High Gradient Dielectric Wakes • FFTB ultra-short beam, 100 m aperture tube: over 10 GV/m • Initial run gave breakdown threshold • 4 GV/m surface field • 2 GV/m • Damage post-mortem ongoing Ezfrom OOPIC simulation of hollow dielectric tube (OOPIC) View end of dielectric tube; frames sorted by increasing peak current Ezlineout on-axis

  33. Conclusions • UCLA represents a major resource in the national accelerator R&D program • Valued collaborator with nat’l labs • Leadership in • Advanced concepts, ideas for future • Computational physics • Technologies • Experiments • Education - development of future leaders • Synergy between beams, HEP, light sources • Hands on and multi-disciplinary program is very attractive to students • Let’s keep going!

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