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Community Ecology

Community Ecology. Quick Thought. What is the difference between biotic and abiotic ? Give an example of each. Community Ecology. Community all the organisms that live together in a place interspecific interactions - all species in a community interacting together Community Ecology

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Community Ecology

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  1. Community Ecology

  2. Quick Thought • What is the difference between biotic and abiotic? Give an example of each

  3. Community Ecology • Community • all the organisms that live together in a place • interspecific interactions - all species in a community interacting together • Community Ecology • study of interactionsamong all populationsin a common environment In what way do the populations interact?

  4. Niche • If an organisms habitat is its address, its niche is its occupation. • Niche- Includes the type of food the organism eats • How it obtains this food • Which other species use the organism as food

  5. Resource Partitioning • Look at this picture… how can all of these lizards live in the same tree?

  6. Competition • Occurs when organisms of the same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time. • Activity

  7. Skittle Competition • Get a piece of paper. Spread out your skittles on it between the two of you • Who won this first round? • What would happen to your partner? • Lets try it again

  8. Predation • Interactions between species in which one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey. • Eating and avoiding being eaten are prerequisites to reproductive success • Natural Selection pushes predators and prey to adapt • Can you name an example of a predator? • What does a predator eat?

  9. Predation Drives Evolution • Predators adaptations • locate & subdue prey • Prey adaptations • elude & defend Predation provides a strong selection pressure on both prey & predator horns, speed, coloration spines, thorns, toxins

  10. Predation • Cryptic Coloration • camouflage

  11. Predation • Batesian Mimicry – a harmless species mimics a harmful species Hawkmoth larva puff up to look like poisonous green parrot snakes

  12. Predation • Müllerian Mimicry – two or more harmful species resemble each other.

  13. Symbiosis • Any relationship in which two species live closely together • There are three kids of symbiotic relationships: • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism

  14. Mutualism • Both species benefit from the relationship • ( + , + ) • Example: • ant-aphids- plants • Ant cares for the aphids and protects them from predators • Aphids produce a sweet liquid that the ant drinks

  15. Commensalism • One member of the relationship benefits and the other is neither helped or harmed • (+, 0) • Example • Cattle egret and herd of cattle • When the herd moves around it stirs up insects in which the egret follows after and eats

  16. Parasitism • One organism lives on or inside another organisms and harms it. • (+ , -) • – Endoparasites – inside • – Ectoparasites – outside • – Parasitoidism - insects (wasps) that lay eggs in living hosts • Example • tick-dog • A tick feeds on the blood of its host

  17. Who is sooooooo smart? • Take out your three cards; Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism • I will give you a situation that occurs in nature, when I say so raise your card to describe the type of symbiosis • Ready?

  18. Which Symbiosis is it? • Oxpecker and zebras:Oxpeckers are a type of small bird that land on zebras and eat ticks and other parasites that live on the zebra’s skin. The oxpeckers get food and the zebras get pest control. • Symbiotic Relationship: __________________________

  19. Which Type of Symbiosis is it? • Tapeworm and animals: Tapeworms are segmented flatworms that attach themselves to the insides of the intestines of animals such as cows, pigs, and humans. Tapeworms get food by eating the host's (animal) partly digested food, depriving the host (animal) of nutrients. • Symbiotic Relationship:_______________________

  20. Which Type of Symbiosis is it? • Spider crab and algae: Spider crabs live in shallow areas of the ocean floor, and greenish-brown algae lives on the crabs' backs, making the crabs blend in with their environment, and unnoticeable to predators. The algae get a good place to live, and the crab gets camouflage. • Relationship: _____________________________

  21. Which Type of Symbiosis is it? • Remora and the shark: Remora fish are small fish that make their niche by picking up the scraps that sharks leave behind while feeding. The shark makes no attempt to prey on the remora fish. • Symbiotic Relationship: ____________________

  22. Which Type of Symbiosis is it? • Bee and the flower: Bees fly from flower to flower-gathering nectar, which they make into food. When they land in a flower, the bees get some pollen on their hairy bodies, and when they land in the next flower, some of the pollen from the first one rubs off, pollinating the plant.

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