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Community Ecology

Community Ecology. Community. Group of individuals from different species in a given area Species Richness Relative abundance. Shannon Index. Calculates the diversity of the community H=-( p A ln p A + p B ln p B + p C ln p C +…). Higher-Diversity Communities. More productive

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Community Ecology

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  1. Community Ecology

  2. Community • Group of individuals from different species in a given area • Species Richness • Relative abundance

  3. Shannon Index • Calculates the diversity of the community • H=-(pAlnpA + pBlnpB + pClnpC+…)

  4. Higher-Diversity Communities • More productive • More resistant to invasive species • Quagga and Zebra Mussels • Artichoke Thistle • ESS

  5. Interspecific Interactions

  6. Competition • Interspecific • Intraspecific

  7. Competitive Exclusion Rule • Two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche

  8. Resource Partitioning

  9. Character Displacement

  10. Predation

  11. Plant Defenses • Physical • Thorns • Spines • Chemical • Poisons • Nicotine • Strychnine • Morphine • Tannins

  12. Animal Defenses • Physical • Shells • Horns/Antlers/Quills • Teeth • Chemical • Poisons • Odors

  13. Animal Defenses • Cryptic Coloration • Aposematic Coloration

  14. Animal Defenses • Batesian Mimicry • Mullerian Mimicry

  15. Animal Defenses

  16. Mutualism

  17. Commensalism

  18. Trophic Levels • Primary Producers • Primary Consumers • Secondary Consumers • Tertiary Consumers • Quaternary Consumers

  19. Trophic Levels • Primary Producers • Primary Consumers • Secondary Consumers • Tertiary Consumers • Quaternary Consumers

  20. Keystone Species

  21. Keystone Species

  22. Top-Down Model • Predation controls community organization • Also called the trophic cascade model.

  23. Keystone Species

  24. Bottom-Up Model • Suggests direction influence from the lowest trophic levels • Control by the absence or presence of micronutrients which controls plant communities • Adding more nutrients = more biomass

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