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Community Ecology

Community Ecology. Remember: Community: a group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time. Limiting Factors. Biotic or Abiotic factors that restrict the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.

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Community Ecology

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  1. Community Ecology Remember: Community: a group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time.

  2. Limiting Factors Biotic or Abiotic factors that restrict the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.

  3. How might a cold climate be a limiting factor? • Dry climate? • Salt water?

  4. Limitations Temperature Elevation Winds Soil Vegetation is limited to shallow rooted plants like lichen, ferns, and mosses Animals must have adaptations to survive and thrive in cold, harsh environments

  5. Why do organisms live where they do? • Tolerance range: the ability of an organism to adjust to environmental fluctuations -Catfish need little oxygen and can live in warmer water -Bass/Trout need more oxygen and need much colder water

  6. Tolerance Salt Marsh: Near the shore, a few salt- tolerant species form salt marshes

  7. Succession The natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem over time.

  8. Succession Primary succession: the colonization of new areas by organisms -pioneer species: the first organisms to colonize an area (usually mosses and lichens) • The decay of pioneer species produces soil • With soil comes the ability to sustain larger species

  9. Occurs where a glacier has receded. • Anywhere there is exposed rock and no soil.

  10. Succession Secondary succession: the community changes that occur after it has been destroyed by a natural disaster or human activity • The land already contains soil • The pioneer species will differ from that in primary succession

  11. Types • Secondary Examples • a hurricane • a farmer abandons a field • a building is demolished and left alone

  12. Final ResultClimax Community A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change.

  13. Succession Observed in Glacier Bay National Park Lichen and moss have special adaptations to tolerate extreme conditions. Despite limiting factors, the fireweed seeds are well adapted so that they are easily spread by wind.

  14. Dryas is very good at enriching the soil with nitrogen. The moss grows close to the ground around the dryas mat and the cottonwood trees grow up in the middle.

  15. A spruce tree growing under an alder thicket

  16. A mature Spruce and Hemlock Forest

  17. Succession Will the climax community be the same in all areas? Why or why not?

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