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BELLRINGER: Third Box on Bell-ringer Page

BELLRINGER: Third Box on Bell-ringer Page. What is the source of all energy in this ecosystem ? (WHERE DOES IT ALL COME FROM) How does energy get from the source to the hawk?. 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35. Today’s Objective:.

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BELLRINGER: Third Box on Bell-ringer Page

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  1. BELLRINGER: Third Box on Bell-ringer Page • What is the source of all energy in this ecosystem ? (WHERE DOES IT ALL COME FROM) • How does energy get from the source to the hawk?

  2. 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Today’s Objective: • Be able to explain energy transfers among organisms using food chains and ecological pyramids. Can be found in the book:Pg. 46 - 50

  3. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 • The ultimate source of the energy for life is the sun.

  4. The Producers: Autotrophs Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 • An organism that uses light energy (mostly plants) to make food is a producer, or autotroph. • Autotrophs are our link to the energy from the sun. All other organisms depend on autotrophs.

  5. Autotrophs use the sun’s energy to manufacture food energy in a process called photosynthesis.

  6. The Consumers: Heterotrophs Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 • An organism that cannot produce it’s own food energy and has to eat/consume other organisms for energy is a heterotroph. • There are different types of heterotrophs.

  7. The Consumers: Heterotrophs Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 • A heterotroph that feeds only on plants (autotrophs) is an herbivore.

  8. The Consumers: Heterotrophs Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 • Some heterotrophs just eat other heterotrophs- these are carnivores.

  9. The Consumers: Heterotrophs Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 • Some heterotrophs eat both heterotrophs and autotrophs. They are called omnivores.

  10. The Consumers: Heterotrophs Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 • Scavengers eat animals that have already died. • They don’t actually kill for food, but they only eat dead heterotrophs

  11. The Consumers: Heterotrophs Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 • Some organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and some worms are decomposers. • Decomposers break down the complex compounds of dead and decaying plants and animals into simpler molecules that can be more easily absorbed.

  12. The ultimate source of energy is……. This energy goes to…… Autotrophs

  13. How do heterotrophs get their energy? By eating autotrophs….. And by eating the heterotrophs that ate autotrophs…..

  14. Who do you think is getting more energy?

  15. Food energy flows through an ecosystem from producers to consumers in a chain… • Matter (like water and carbon) gets recycled. • Energy does not….it changes and is replenished everyday by the sun.

  16. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 • A food chain is a simple model that scientists use to show how energy moves through an ecosystem. • In a food chain, nutrients and energy move from • autotrophs to • heterotrophs and, eventually, to • decomposers.

  17. The Flow of Matter and Energy Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 FOOD CHAINS • The arrows in a food chain show the direction of ENERGY FLOW. berries → mice → black bear • Most food chains consist of only two, three, or four transfers.

  18. The Flow of Matter and Energy Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 FOOD CHAINS berries → mice → black bear 1000 kcals 100 kcals 10 kcals • Only about 10% of the energy is transferred at each feeding step….. This is why a bear would have to eat a lot of mice….

  19. If only 10% is transferred to the consumer, what happens to the rest of the energy? LEFT BEHIND AND GIVEN OFF AS HEAT ENERGY

  20. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 • Each feeding step in a food chain is called a trophic level.

  21. The first CONSUMER in a food chain is called a primary or first-order heterotroph. • The first-order heterotroph eats autotrophs.

  22. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 • A second order heterotroph is an organism that feeds on a first order heterotroph.

  23. A third order heterotroph or tertiary is an organism that feeds on a second order heterotroph. • REMEMBER: a food chain represents only one possible route for the transfer energy through an ecosystem.

  24. An ecological pyramid is another way to show a food chain. • The autotroph is always at the bottom of the pyramid • As you go up the pyramid, you go higher in the trophic levels Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 Fox (1) Birds (25) Grasshoppers (250) This pyramid is a pyramid of NUMBERS. Grasses (3000)

  25. This pyramid shows ENERGY LOSS. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 Pyramid of Energy Heat 0.1% Consumers 1% Consumers Heat 10% Consumers Heat 100% Producers Heat Parasites, scavengers, and decomposers feed at each level.

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