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Bellringer. Get your folder Sit down Get out the LAB FORMAT/GRAPHING PRACTICE sheet from Thursday. Bellringer. What does it mean if something is organic? Do you eat organic foods? Why or why not?. Agenda. Objective : To introduce the organic macromolecules Agenda :
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Bellringer • Get your folder • Sit down • Get out the LAB FORMAT/GRAPHING PRACTICE sheet from Thursday
Bellringer • What does it mean if something is organic? • Do you eat organic foods? Why or why not?
Agenda • Objective: To introduce the organic macromolecules • Agenda: • Bellringer/Discussion • Notes • Grade bonding WS • Go over Data for Field Trip assignment • Go over lab for tomorrow • Homework: • QUIZ FRIDAY over everything before water
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Life's molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon Organic compounds contain at least one carbon atom Covalent bonding enables carbon to form complex structures
Skeletons may be unbranched or branched. Skeletons may have double bonds, which can vary in location Skeletons may be arranged in rings
Molecule Types • Monomer: A small organic molecule • Polymer: A longer chain (organic molecule) of connected monomers • Monomers are usually linked by dehydration reactions (a water molecule is removed) • Polymers are broken down to monomers by the reverse process, hydrolysis (a water molecule is added)
Dehydration Reaction Short polymer Unlinked monomer Dehydration reaction Longer polymer
Hydrolysis Reaction Hydrolysis
Biological Macromolecules Cells make an enormous number of polymers from monomers, and most of these can be put into 1 of the 4 Biological Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
Bellringer • What is a “healthy” food you like? • What is an “unhealthy” food you like? • What makes these foods healthy/unhealthy?
Agenda • Objective: To discuss nutrition • Agenda: • Bellringer/Discussion • Notes • Grade Chart • Introduce diet packet • Homework: • Lab starts tomorrow! • Packet due Monday • River assignment due tomorrow!
Food and Nutrition • Everyone knows we need to eat, but why do we need to? • Food gives us nutrients • Nutrients: Substances in food that supply the energy/materials your body uses for growth, repair, and maintenance • Examples: • Water, Proteins, Carbs, Fat, Vitamins and Minerals
Food and Nutrition • The energy we get from eating food is in the form of calories • CALORIE: The molecule we break down to give our bodies energy • Fats: give us 9 Calories/gram • Proteins: give us 4 Calories/gram • Carbs: give us 4 Calories/gram
Fats/Calories • If we get calories from fats/carbs, then why do a lot of people avoid these foods? • Because most people eat more than they need!!! • If we eat more calories than we need, they stay in our body as fat!!! • This leads to lots of health risks, including obseity, diabetes, heart disease…
Water • Every cell in the human body needs water!!! • Most body processes in the body need water • Blood, lymph, and other bodily fluids are mainly water • We should drink around 1 liter (8 cups) a day • If you don’t, dehydration can lead to many health problems
Bellringer • Name me everything you consumed yesterday, in terms of food, water, and other liquids
Agenda • Objective: To work on the water lab • Agenda: • Bellringer/Discussion • Nutrition Packet Overview • Lab • Homework: • River Assignment due tomorrow! • Nutrition Packet due Monday
Bellringer • Name me everything you consumed yesterday, in terms of food, water, and other liquids • What topics are likely going to be covered on the upcoming test?
Agenda • Objective: To work on the water lab • Agenda: • Bellringer/Discussion • Lab • Work on WS when you’re done • Homework: • WS due Friday
Bellringer • Name me the monomer and polymer of the 4 organic macromolecules • Name me the main function/functions of each
Bellringer • Name me a food that contains each of the macromolecules. • Name me an example of each. • Draw me the following bonds both pre and post bonding: • Na and Cl • CH4
Bellringer • What are you most concerned about for tomorrow’s test? • If you took the test right now, what would you get? • Name and describe the 4 important characteristics of water.
Bellringer • Is eating healthy and exercising worth it in your opinion? • Why or why not?
Bellringer • Get out your materials/ supplies and get started!!!
Bellringer • What does it mean if something is organic? • Do you eat organic foods? Why or why not?
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Life's molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon Organic compounds contain at least one carbon atom Covalent bonding enables carbon to form complex structures
Skeletons may be unbranched or branched. Skeletons may have double bonds, which can vary in location Skeletons may be arranged in rings
Molecule Types • Monomer: A small organic molecule • Polymer: A longer chain (organic molecule) of connected monomers • Monomers are usually linked by dehydration reactions (a water molecule is removed) • Polymers are broken down to monomers by the reverse process, hydrolysis (a water molecule is added)
Dehydration Reaction Short polymer Unlinked monomer Dehydration reaction Longer polymer
Hydrolysis Reaction Hydrolysis
Biological Macromolecules Cells make an enormous number of polymers from monomers, and most of these can be put into 1 of the 4 Biological Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates Monomer: • Monosaccharide (simple) Polymer: • Polysaccharide (complex)
Lipids Monomer: • Fatty Acid Polymer: • Triglyceride
Proteins Monomer: • Amino Acid Polymer: • Polypeptide
Nucleic Acid Monomer: • Nucleotide Polymer: • Nucleic Acid
Bellringer • Get out your study guide • Circle the areas on the study guide that you are worried about on the test
Agenda • Objective: To study for tomorrow’s test • Agenda: • Bellringer/Discussion • Go over lab rubric • Study • Homework: • Test tomorrow • Lab due Monday
Bellringer • STUDY
Chapter 3 The Molecules of Life
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Life's molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon • Organic compounds contain at least one carbon atom • Covalent bonding enables carbon to form complex structures Carbon skeletons vary in length
Skeletons may be unbranched or branched. Skeletons may have double bonds, which can vary in location Skeletons may be arranged in rings
Cells make a huge number of large molecules from a small set of small molecules Four main classes of biological macromolecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids
Cells make the most of their large molecules by joining smaller organic monomers into chains called polymers Monomers are usually linked by dehydration reactions (a water molecule is removed)
Short polymer Unlinked monomer Dehydration reaction Longer polymer
Polymers are broken down to monomers by the reverse process, hydrolysis (a water molecule is added)
CARBOHYDRATES Monosaccharides (single sugars) are carbohydrate monomers • A monosaccharide has a formula that is a multiple of CH2O
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS Two monosaccharides can join to form a disaccharide Polysaccharides are long chains of sugar units • Some polysaccharides are storage molecules • Starch in plants • Glycogen in animals • Some polysaccharides serve as structural compounds • Cellulose in plants
Glucose Glucose Maltose