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The Muslim World Expands Ottoman Safavid Mughal Dynasties 1300-1700

The Muslim World Expands Ottoman Safavid Mughal Dynasties 1300-1700. The Ottomans named for Osman transform from nomads to an Empire. Constantinople is conquered in 1453. Controlled travel between Asia and Europe Mehmet II opened it to many religions - Jews, Muslims, Turks, non-Turks.

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The Muslim World Expands Ottoman Safavid Mughal Dynasties 1300-1700

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  1. The Muslim World ExpandsOttoman Safavid Mughal Dynasties1300-1700

  2. The Ottomans named for Osman transform from nomads to an Empire

  3. Constantinople is conquered in 1453 • Controlled travel between Asia and Europe • Mehmet II opened it to many religions - Jews, Muslims, Turks, non-Turks

  4. Suleiman the Lawgiver rules from 1520-1566 • The greatest of the Ottoman Sultans • Expands empire through conquest (Belgrade and Rhodes) • Inside the empire he creates an efficient, complex military state to rule over many diverse groups • Suleiman creates a law code, reduces bureaucracy and simplifies taxation

  5. Suleiman the Lawgiver • Janissaries - trained and educated soldiers from conquered lands with merit based promotion • Devshirme- policy of taking boys from non-Islamic families to be trained as Janissaries • Freedom of worship – Jews and Christians allowed to practice own religion - pay a tax to do so and lived in communities called millets

  6. Suleiman the Lawgiver • Cultural Achievements • Studied a variety of subjects including: poetry, history, mathematics etc • Mosque of Suleiman - architectural achievement with four schools, a college, a library, a hospital, and a bath

  7. Mosque of Suleiman

  8. The Fall of the Ottomans • Ottoman emperors would kill their ablest sons and heirs or keep them uneducated, leading to incompetent rulers • When an heir assumed power his brothers were eliminated • The Ottoman Empire lasted until WWI but by then was in slow decline from the 1600’s - almost 300 years • The Ottoman Empire 1300-1923 GeaCron

  9. The Ottomans and Cultural Diffusion • Where did the Ottomans learn about gunpowder? • How did the Ottomans treat conquered peoples? • How did cultural diffusion affect Ottoman architecture and the arts?

  10. The Safavid Empire

  11. Safavids • Iranian origin and claimed to be descendants from Muhammad • Shi’ite Muslims - persecuted by Sunni Ottomans • Developed strong military to protect self from neighboring empires • Is there still conflict today between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims?

  12. Isma’il • Brilliant warrior who seized large tracts of land in 1499 • Became religious tyrant - killed any non Shi’ite citizen

  13. Shah Abbas – Abbas the GreatTakes throne in 1587 • Created a culture that drew from Arab, Persian, and Ottoman cultures • Reformed armies - One Persian army, one foreign – used modern weapons • Punished corruption and promoted merit • Welcomed European and Chinese artisans • Leads to Rise of Persian Carpets – a national industry

  14. The Safavid Dynasty Declines Quickly • Shah Abbas kills and blinds his ablest sons • Abbas’s Incompetent grandson leads to the empire’s decline • By 1722 the empire is losing land to the Ottomans and Afghans • The Empire Falls apart in 1747

  15. The Safavids and Cultural Blending • How does Ishma’il differ from Shah Abbas? • How is succession to the throne a problem for the Safavids?

  16. The Mughal Empire

  17. The Mughal Empire: Akbar • “Great One” - Ruled India from 1556-1605 • Muslim but defended religious freedom • Married non Muslims • Abolished taxes on non-Muslims • Christian tutor

  18. Mughal Empire: Akbar • Effective Government • Merit based bureaucracy • Tax policy - based on earnings • Military Conqueror • Strong military with modern weapons • Put possible enemies (Rajputs) in power to keep control • Unified land of 100 million people

  19. Mughal Empire: Akbar • Culture • Languages : Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Urdu - combines to make modern Pakistani language • Promoted the arts, literature and architecture - drew from western influence in painting (i.e. halos like western saints)

  20. Taj Mahal – Shah Jahan builds a tomb for his wife 1631-1651

  21. Aurangzeb – Shah Jahan’s 3rd Son • Imprisons his father and takes over oppressive policies • People are suffering paying for wars and monuments • Rules from 1658 and 1707 • Expands Mughal Empire to its largest size • But…

  22. Aurangzeb – Shah Jahan’s 3rd Son • Ultimately lost power due to oppressive policies • Forced rigid Islamic laws (no drinking, gambling etc) • Taxed non-Muslims, destroyed Hindu monuments • Led to Rajput/Hindu rebellions • European Traders arrive and gain control of key ports

  23. Muslim Dynasties – Had In Common • Empire Building - three of the greatest empires in history between 14th and 16th centuries • Power and Authority – based their power on Islam, strong armies and technology • Cultural Diffusion – as powerful societies expand different cultures are blended and new ideas diffused • How does cultural diffusion impact societies?

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