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The Muslim World Expands

The Muslim World Expands. Chapter 18. Section 1-The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire. The Turks Move into Byzantium. Ghazis -Anatolian Turks that saw themselves as warriors for Islam Ottomans -Followers of Osman the most successful ghazi Military Success based on gun powder

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The Muslim World Expands

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  1. The Muslim World Expands Chapter 18

  2. Section 1-The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire

  3. The Turks Move into Byzantium • Ghazis-Anatolian Turks that saw themselves as warriors for Islam • Ottomans-Followers of Osman the most successful ghazi • Military Success based on gun powder • Some of the 1st people to use cannons

  4. The Turks Move into Byzantium • Sultan-Meaning ‘overlord’ or “one with power” • Living under the Ottomans • Used local officials appointed by the sultan to rule conquered areas • Muslims served in the Turkish army and pay religious taxes • Non-Muslims did not have to serve in the army but paid a small tax in return

  5. The Turks Move into Byzantium • Timur the Lame- • Received the nickname after taking an arrow to the leg • Burned Baghdad to the ground • Crushed the Ottomans in the Battle of Ankara (1402)

  6. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion • Mehmed II- • Nicknamed Mehmed the Conqueror • Attacked Constantinople • Fired a 1,200lb bolder out of a 26-foot gun and ships • After conquering the city he renamed it Istanbul opened it up to Christians, Jews, Muslims, Turks and non-Turks

  7. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion • Suleyman the Lawgiver- • Ruled for 46 years • Created penalties for various criminal acts, bureaucratic and financial corruption • Also introduced the concept of a balanced budget to governments

  8. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion • Suleyman the Lawgiver- • Studied poetry, history, geography, astronomy, mathematics and architecture • Because of Islamic law he was tolerant of other religions • Supported art and literature

  9. Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion • Devshirme System-Members of the sultan’s army drafted from the Christian boys of conquered territories. • Converted to Islam, and educated them • Janissaries-Elite force of 30,000 soldiers trained to be loyal only to the sultan.

  10. Section 3-The Mughal Empire in India

  11. Early History of the Mughals • Mughals-Means Mongols • Group of nomadic invaders in Central Asia • 1494-Babur inherits the kingdoms of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan at the age of 11 • Swept down into India and laid the foundations for the Mughal Empire

  12. Early History of the Mughals • Akbar-Ruled India from 1556 to 1605 • Babur’s grandson • Ruled with wisdom and tolerance • Created his own religion the “Divine Faith” • He offended Muslims so much that they tried to revolt against him in 1581

  13. Early History of the Mughals • Art and Literature- • Illustrated books flourished • Miniatures-Small highly detailed, colorful paintings • Hindu literature also saw a resurgence during Akbar’s time

  14. Akbar’s Successors • Shah Jahan- • Killed anyone who got in his way of being king • Had two great passions in life: • Beautiful buildings • His wife MumtazMahal • Sadly she died at age 39 while giving birth to their 14th child

  15. Akbar’s Successors • TajMahal- Towering marble dome built as a memorial to MumtazMahalfollowing her death • Referred to as the most beautiful building in the world

  16. Akbar’s Successors • Aurangzeb- Shah Jahan’s 3rd son • Took power when Shah became sick • Expanded the Mughal Empire to it’s greatest size • Oppressed the people • Strict Islamic law (sharia) banned gambling, drinking, and other vices • Taxed non-Muslims and was cruel to Hindus

  17. The Empire’s Decline and Decay • Reasons for the Empire’s Decline- • Aurangzeb had drained it’s resources • 2 million people died of hunger • As central power weakened the power of local lords grew • The power of western traders began to increase

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