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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Characteristics of Life Lesson 2 Classifying Organisms Lesson 3 Exploring Life Chapter Wrap-Up. Steven P. Lynch. Chapter Menu. What are living things, and how can they be classified?. Chapter Introduction. What do you think?.

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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Characteristics of Life Lesson 2 Classifying Organisms Lesson 3Exploring Life Chapter Wrap-Up Steven P. Lynch Chapter Menu

  2. What are living things, and how can they be classified? Chapter Introduction

  3. What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements. Chapter Introduction

  4. 1. All living things move. 2. The Sun provides energy for almost all organisms on Earth. 3. A dichotomous key can be used to identify an unknown organism. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  5. 4. Physical similarities are the only traits used to classify organisms. 5. Most cells are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. 6. Microscopes are used only by scientists. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  6. Characteristics of Life • What characteristics do all living things share? Lesson 1 Reading Guide

  7. Characteristics of Life • organism • cell • unicellular • multicellular • homeostasis Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab

  8. Characteristics of Life • All living things are organized, grow and develop, reproduce, respond, maintain certain internal conditions, and use energy. • Things that have all the characteristics of life are called organisms. Lesson 1

  9. Organization • A cellis every organism’s smallest unit of life. • Unicellularorganisms are organisms made of only one cell. • Living things that are made of two or more cells are called multicellularorganisms. • Living thins with more than one cell have a greater level of organization because groups of cells function together. Lesson 1

  10. Growth and Development • Living things grow by increasing cell size or increasing cell number. • Changes that occur in an organism during its lifetime are called development. • In multicellular organisms, development happens as cells become specialized into different cell types. • Some organisms have dramatic developmental changes, such as a tadpole becoming a frog. Lesson 1

  11. Lesson 1

  12. Reproduction • Reproduction is the process by which one organism makes one or more new organisms. • Some organisms can reproduce by dividing and becoming two new organisms. • Some organisms must have a mate to reproduce, but others can reproduce without a mate. Lesson 1

  13. Responses to Stimuli • All living things respond to changes in the environment called stimuli. There are two types of stimuli: • Internal stimuli are changes within an organism. Ex: hunger and thirst • External stimuli are changes in an organism’s environment. Ex: light and temperature Lesson 1

  14. Homeostasis An organism’s ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions change is called homeostasis. homeostasis from Greek homoios, means “like, similar”; and stasis, means “standing still” Lesson 1

  15. Homeostasis (cont.) • Maintaining homeostasis ensures that cells and the organism can function normally and remain healthy. • When your outside environment becomes too hot or too cold, your body responds by sweating, shivering, or changing the flow of blood to maintain a body temperature of 37degreesCelsius. Lesson 1

  16. Homeostasis (cont.) Contractile vacuoles are cellular structures that help maintain homeostasis by pumping excess water from the cell. Lesson 1

  17. Energy • Cells continuously use energy to transport substances, make new cells, and perform chemical reactions. • For most organisms, energy for life comes from the Sun. The Sun’s energy can be passed from one organism to another. Lesson 1

  18. Lesson 1

  19. Lesson 1

  20. Energy (cont.) What characteristics do all living things share? Lesson 1

  21. An organism has all the characteristics of life. Lesson 1

  22. Unicellular organisms have specialized structures, much like a house has rooms for different activities. • Homeostasis enables living things to maintain a steady internal environment. Lesson 1

  23. What term refers to things that have all the characteristics of life? A. cells B. unicellular organisms C. organisms D. multicellular organisms Lesson 1

  24. Which of these refers to changes in an organism’s environment? A. external stimuli B. homeostasis C. internal stimuli D. development Lesson 1

  25. Homeostasis refers to an organism’s ability to maintain what kind of conditions? A. external B. internal C. cellular D. environmental Lesson 1

  26. 1. All living things move. 2. The Sun provides energy for almost all organisms on Earth. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 1

  27. Classifying Organisms • What methods are used to classify living things into groups? • Why does every species have a scientific name? Lesson 2 Reading Guide

  28. Classifying Organisms • binomial nomenclature • species • genus • dichotomous key • cladogram Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab

  29. Classifying Living Things • There have been many different ideas about how to organize, or classify, living things. • Aristotle placed all organisms into 2 large groups- plants and animals. • Carolus Linnaeus classified organisms into two main groups, called kingdoms, based on similar structures. • In 1969 an American biologist proposed a five-kingdom system for classifying organisms that included kingdoms Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia. Lesson 2

  30. Determining Domains • The current classification method for organisms is called systematics. • Systematics uses all known information to classify organisms, including cell type, how food and energy are obtained, structure and function of features, common ancestry, and molecular analysis. Lesson 2

  31. Determining Domains (cont.) Organisms are now classified into one of three domains and then into one of six kingdoms. Lesson 2

  32. Scientific Names • Binomial nomenclature is a system for naming organisms with two-word scientific name: • A species is a group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring. • A genus is a group of similar species. Lesson 2

  33. In a scientific name the first word is the organisms genus, such as Ursus. • The 2nd word in a scientific name identifies the species. • Similar species are grouped into one genus. Similar genera are grouped into families and then into orders, classes, phyla, kingdoms, and domains.

  34. Scientific Names (cont.) genus from Greek genos, means “race, kind” Lesson 2

  35. Scientific Names (cont.) • Binomial nomenclature was developed by Linnaeus and is still used today. • Scientific names are important because each species has its own scientific name and those names are the same worldwide. Lesson 2

  36. Classification Tools (cont.) A dichotomous keyis a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that lead the user to the identification of an unknown organism. Lesson 2

  37. Classification Tools (cont.) A cladogramis a branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms, including common ancestors. New characteristics appear before each branch. Lesson 2

  38. All organisms are classified into one of three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, or Eukarya. Lesson 2

  39. Every organism has a unique species name. Lesson 2

  40. A dichotomous key helps to identify an unknown organism through a series of paired descriptions. Lesson 2

  41. How many scientific names does each organism have? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. Many Lesson 2

  42. Which of these refers to the system for naming organisms with two identifying scientific terms? A. genus B. cladogram C. binomial domains D. binomial nomenclature Lesson 2

  43. Which of these refers to a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that help identify an unknown organism? A. dichotomous key B. domain C. cladogram D. genus Lesson 2

  44. 3. A dichotomous key can be used to identify an unknown organism. 4. Physical similarities are the only traits used to classify organisms. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 2

  45. Exploring Life • How did microscopes change our ideas about living things? • What are the types of microscopes, and how do they compare? Lesson 3 Reading Guide

  46. Exploring Life • light microscope • compound microscope • electron microscope Lesson 3 Reading Guide - Vocab

  47. The Development of Microscopes • The invention of microscopes enabled people to see details of living things that could not be seen with the unaided eye. • One of the first microscopes, invented by Anton van Leeuwenhoek in the late 1600s, could magnify an image about 270 times its original size. Lesson 3

  48. The Development of Microscopes (cont.) • In the early 1700s Robert Hooke used a microscope to observe and name cells for the first time. • Before microscopes, people did not know that living things are made of cells. Lesson 3

  49. One characteristic of all microscopes is that they magnify images. Magnification makes an image appear larger than it really is. • Another characteristic of microscopes is resolution-how clearly the magnified image can be seen.

  50. Types of Microscopes • Light microscopes use light and lenses to enlarge an image of an object. • A light microscope that uses more than one lens to magnify an image is called a compound microscope. • Light microscopes can be used to view living or nonliving things.

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