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Regional Typology of Cultural Heritage and Identity

This study proposes a regional typology based on cultural components to understand the role and spatial effects of cultural heritage and identity in Europe. By combining various indicators, such as supply and demand for tangible and intangible cultural assets, a classification of regions is produced. The results highlight different cultural orientations, including conservation, production, and diffusion, and identify excellence regions. The map showcases regions with cultural specialization and provides insights into the distribution of cultural heritage across Europe.

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Regional Typology of Cultural Heritage and Identity

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  1. ESPON 1.3.3The role and spatial effects of cultural heritage and identityProposal of a regional typology based on cultural components Jan van der Borg A.P. Russo

  2. Compiling different indicators in one • Based on a ranking technique, the supply of - and potential demand for - tangible and intangible cultural assets can be mapped • Results are sensitive to listing methodologies and ranking techniques • SUPPLY (supply of listed heritage / landscapes / museums / events in region x) • Biased distribution: few regions with “low” levels of supply • Germany: results dependent on small NUTS size • Two poles emerging: Western Europe and Northern Central Europe • DEMAND (potential local/tourist demand on listed heritage / landscapes / museums / events in region x) • More balanced distribution • Germany: results dependent on small NUTS size • NUTS II includes tourism demand • Coastal regions of Europe as the ones with higher potential pressure levels ESPON 1.3.3

  3. ESPON 1.3.3

  4. ESPON 1.3.3

  5. ESPON 1.3.3

  6. Proposal of a regional typology based on combined values of the indicators • Issue: • How to combine the values of the indicators to produce a regional classification of Europe • Solutions: • Advanced statistical techniques (cluster and factor analysis included in TIR) • “Approximated” method presented here ESPON 1.3.3

  7. Assumptions • The components of culture measured through indicators can be seen to accomplish three functions: • Conservation of cultural heritage (protection of the heritage and furthering of cultural values and identity) • Production of culture and reproduction of cultural heritage and identity • Diffusion of cultural values and repertoires • High values in the indicators affect these “orientation” in positive or negative ways • A “bundling matrix” has been built to rank the regions according to the three cultural orientations and their mix ESPON 1.3.3

  8. Results: orientation to conservation • Higher chances of conservation: • regions subject to low use pressure on heritage • regions with larger protected territory • regions with larger national homogeneity • regions with higher educational levels • Under-estimation of Med countries • Scoring high: • Andalusia and regional Spain • UK, regional France • Poland, Czech Rep. • Sweden ESPON 1.3.3

  9. Results: orientation to production • Higher chances of production of culture: • region with ample cultural resources • regions with a large portion of cultural workers • regions with larger cultural diversity • regions exhibiting larger educational output • Scoring high: • Coastal/urban Spain and France • UK, Ireland • Scania corridor • Regions in Hungary and Romania ESPON 1.3.3

  10. Results: orientation to diffusion • Higher chances of diffusion of culture: • areas with higher concentration of cultural resources • areas with larger protected territory • areas with larger provision of events • areas with larger provision of cultural infrastructure • Scoring high: • Region in Spain, France, UK, Germany • Sweden, Finland • Poland, Czech Rep., Hungary, Romania ESPON 1.3.3

  11. DC D C DPC DP CP P 0 Bundling the results • A regional typology (and “tags”) based on the relative specialisation in cultural orientations • D – “merchant” regions • P – “productionist” regions • C – “conservationist” regions • DC – “classrooms” • CP - “reproductionist” • DP - “craftshops” • DPC - excellence regions • 0 – culturally unidentifiable regions ESPON 1.3.3

  12. Resulting map • Excellence regions in UK, Scandinavia, France • Position of Portugal, Italy, Austria influenced by listing methodologies ESPON 1.3.3

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