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Bell Work

Bell Work. Without the help of your textbook, write a two paragraph summary using at least five of the words below: Period, group, metal, nonmetal, transition metal, alkali-metals, alkaline earth metals, noble gases, metalloids. EQ: What is the basic structure of a neutral atom?.

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Bell Work

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  1. Bell Work Without the help of your textbook, write a two paragraph summary using at leastfive of the words below: Period, group, metal, nonmetal, transition metal, alkali-metals, alkaline earth metals, noble gases, metalloids

  2. EQ: What is the basic structure of a neutral atom? Student(s) will be able to… describethe locations of protons, electrons, and neutronswithin an atom of an element. describethe relative charges of protons, electrons, and neutrons.

  3. The Big Picture!

  4. So, atoms are the building blocks of all MATTER!

  5. Atomic Structure • Nucleus - the central portion of the atom. Contains the protons and neutrons. • Electron Cloud - area around the nucleus where electrons are found. Electrons are arranged within the electron cloud in energy levels. (Energy levels are sometimes called shells or orbits).

  6. Subatomic Particles • Proton - positive charged particle found in the nucleus. Mass = 1 amu. (A.M.U - Atomic Mass Unit) • Neutron - particle with no charge. Found in the nucleus. Mass = 1 amu. • Electron - negative charged particle found within the electron cloud.Mass = 1/1836 amu.

  7. So, just HOW small is an atom? • www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I

  8. Why are all Atoms Electrically Neutral? Normally in an atom the number of electrons within the electron cloud is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus. The positive and negative charges cancel each other out. Therefore, the atom is said to be electrically neutral. If an atom gains or loses electrons the atom is no longer neutral. This can happen if the atom absorbs or releases energy The atom is then called an ION. IMPORTANT In all ATOMS the number of positively charged protons is always equal to the number of negatively charged electrons.

  9. Let’s break that down… • http://www.wimp.com/bestexplanation/

  10. Atomic Number (Z) – the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom • Mass Number – the total number* of protons and neutrons of an isotope *Rounded to the nearest whole number

  11. Make a diagram of the Heliumatom in notes!

  12. Ok, let’s recap… • Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus. • Electrons orbit the nucleus in various shells. • Everything else is empty space!

  13. Let’s revisit this simple case… Atomic Number Mass Number

  14. 3 Simple equations… 1. # of protons = Atomic Number 2. # of electrons = Atomic Number 3. # of Neutrons = (Mass Number – Atomic Number)

  15. So, here we go… • How many protons? • Atomic Number = # of protons = 2 • 2. How many electrons? • Atomic Number = # of electrons = 2 • 3. How many neutrons? • Mass Number – Atomic Number • 4 – 2 = 2

  16. Isotopes All atoms of an element have the same number of protons but the number of neutrons can vary. Atoms with the same number of protons and differing numbers of neutrons are called ISOTOPES. Some Isotopes are unstable. The nucleus of unstable atoms do not hold together well. Radioactive decay is the process whereby the nucleus of unstable isotopes release fast moving particles and energy. Henri Becquerel The discovery of Radioactivity almost happened by accident.

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