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Solar System. Do Now. Put everything away but a pencil and point sheet. What is part of the Solar System?. For this week… w e will discuss the Solar System. Today, we will go over the definitions. Tuesday- Wednesday, work in groups to research the eight planets.
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Do Now • Put everything away but a pencil and point sheet. What is part of the Solar System?
For this week…we will discuss the Solar System • Today, we will go over the definitions. • Tuesday- Wednesday, work in groups to research the eight planets. • Thursday, review the planets. • Friday, start talking about Earth.
People have observed the stars for thousands of years, using them to find direction, to note the passage of time, and to express their values and traditions. • As our technology has progressed, so has understanding of celestial objects and events.
Theories of the universe have developed over many centuries. Although to a casual observer celestial bodies appeared to orbit a stationary Earth, scientific discoveries, led us to the understanding that Earth is one planet that orbits the Sun, a typical star in a vast and ancient universe. • We now infer an origin and an age and evolution of the universe, as we speculate about its future. As we look at Earth, we find clues to its origin and how it has changed through nearly five billion years, as well as the evolution of life on Earth.
History • Astronomers such as Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton helped develop a new model that explained the movement of the planets with the Sun at the center of the Solar System.
What is the Solar System? • Consists of the Sun and all the objects that orbit around it. • including the planets, asteroids, comets, and other objects.
Solar System • Everything in the Solar System revolves around the Sun. The Sun is a star – a massive ball of hot gas that gives off light and heat. • There are eight planets that orbit around the Sun. • The Sun is just one of hundreds of billions of stars in the galaxy that we live in, which is called the Milky Way. The whole Universe has at least 100 billion galaxies in it. • You are held onto the surface of the Earth by a force called gravity. This is the same force that keeps the Earth and the other planets orbiting around the Sun. • Not everything in the Solar system orbits directly around the Sun. The Moon orbits around the Earth.
Celestial events • Also known as astronomicalphenomenon. • Includes the Moon, solar and lunar eclipses, transits and occultations, planetary oppositions and conjunctions, meteor showers, comet, moon phases, and other interesting events.
Key Terms • Astronomy - The branch of science that studies outer space, celestial bodies, and the universe. • Atmosphere - An envelope of gases that surround a planet. • Comet - A celestial body made of ice and rock that orbits the Sun.
Key Terms • Eclipse - • In a solar eclipse, the Moon blocks the light of the Sun from the Earth. • In a lunar eclipse, the Earth blocks the light of the Sun from the Moon. • Orbit - The path a celestial object takes around a star or planet • Star - A giant ball of hot gas and plasma that generates huge amounts of energy through nuclear fusion. • Universe - The universe is everything that exists including the stars, planets, matter, energy and time.
The solar system includes the Sun and all the objects that orbit around it due to its gravity. This includes things such as planets, comets, asteroids, meteoroids and moons. • The Solar System formed around 4.6 billion years ago. • There are eight planets in the Solar System. The four inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars while the four outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. • The Sun contains 99.86 percent of the Solar System's known mass, with Jupiter and Saturn making up making up most of the rest. The small inner planets which include Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars make up a very small percentage of the Solar System’s mass.
Triple conjunction - Jupiter, Venus and Moon line up this weekend
Our Sun is white, and it would look white if you looked at it from space. The atmosphere scatters sunlight, especially light of shorter wavelength, i.e. blue light. So the Sun appears slightly orange-ish as a result.
Do Now • List the planets in order.
The Planets • Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune • THINK: • My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Nachos
Do Now • What's the mnemonic used to remember the order of planets?
There are more planets than stars in our galaxy. The current count orbiting our star: eight. • The inner, rocky planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The outer planets are gas giants Jupiter and Saturn and ice giants Uranus and Neptune. • Beyond Neptune, a newer class of smaller worlds called dwarf planets reign, including perennial favorite Pluto.
Most objects in the solar system are in regular and predictable motion. • These motions explain such phenomena as the day, the year, seasons, phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides. • Gravity influences the motions of celestial objects. The force of gravity between two objects in the universe depends on their masses and the distance between them.
Eight planets move around the Sun in nearly circular orbits. • The orbit of each planet is an ellipse with the Sun located at one of the center. • Earth is orbited by one moon and many artificial satellites.
Earth’s coordinate system of latitude and longitude, with the equator and prime meridian as reference lines, is based upon Earth’s rotation and our observation of the Sun and stars. • Every coordinate must have a direction: N,S,E,W • North America is always N, W
Our Galaxy: The Milky Way • A galaxy consists of millions or billions of stars, gas and dust that are held together by a gravitational pull. • It has about 200 billion stars and is spiral in shape. Most of these stars are not visible from Earth. • The stars you see in the night sky are in the Milky Way galaxy. Our Galaxy: The Milky Way
system for specifying positions of satellites, planets, stars, galaxies, and other celestial objects. Coordinate systems can specify an object's position in three-dimensional space or plot merely its direction on a celestial sphere, if the object's distance is unknown or trivial.
What do these two photos have in common? • Both of these photos are of Earth's crust. The crust on the left is on the continent. It's what you see and walk on every day. The crust on the right is in the ocean. You may have seen pictures, but to see it in person you need special equipment.
A celestial event is an astronomicalphenomenon of interest that involves one or more celestial objects. Some examples of celestial events are the cyclical phases of the Moon, solar and lunar eclipses, transits and occultations, planetary oppositions and conjunctions, meteor showers, and comet flybys.
