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Equine Extension Resources

Learn about matching hay types to horses, feeding high nitrate feeds, vaccination programs, and more. |

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Equine Extension Resources

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  1. Equine Extension Resources Animal Science Extension Agent Update November 2014 Dr. Jason L. Turner NMSU Extension Horse Specialist

  2. Background • 4-H/FFA in OK: judging and showing • OK State: BS in ANSI; horse & livestock judging • K-State: MS, 1996: Equine Reproduction • PhD, 2001: Nutrition/Immunology • NDSU: 1st Director of Equine Studies, 2001-02 • NMSU: Extension Horse Specialist, 2002-

  3. Outline • Briefly address specific questions posed • Matching hay type to horse • Review feeding forage sorghum/high nitrate feeds • Body condition scoring tools—a few resources • Vaccination programs • Hoof care resources • Showcase some online resources/apps that may be useful aids in your daily duties

  4. What makes the best forage for horses? “A plant that flourishes under the area’s growing conditions, free of anti-quality factors or toxins, that when harvested at the proper stage of maturity is highly palatable and most closely matches the nutrient requirements of the horses consuming the forage.” -- JLT

  5. Matching Hay to Class of Horse • Intake • Most mature horses will consume 2-3% of body weight per day in hay; 1100# horse = 22-33# • If meet nutrient requirements, can make intake 1.7% of BW without major problems • At least 0.75 to 1% of BW should be fed in long-stem forage/roughage • “Textbook Examples”

  6. A. Low nutrient need (maintenance) B. High nutrient need (early lactation) C. High nutrient need (growing; 710 lb.) Assume all eat 2% BW DM Match Hay to 1100 lb. Horse Req’t

  7. 2008 NMSU Livestock Farm Hay (100% DM) • Bermuda Grass Rounds • 8.8% CP • 37.9% ADF • DE = 0.97 Mcal/lb. • Ca:P = 1.6:1 • Alfalfa Small Squares • 22.6% CP • 27.9% ADF • DE = 1.16 Mcal/lb. • Ca:P = 9:1 Other NMSU Hay (100% DM) • LLASC Teff • 10.8% CP • 41.1% ADF; 55.3% TDN • DE = 1.11 Mcal/lb. • Ca:P = 2.6:1 • LLASC Max Q Fescue • 13.4% CP • 24.1% ADF; 76.9% TDN • DE = 1.54 Mcal/lb. • Ca:P = 1.5:1

  8. Match Hay to Energy Requirement(2% BW as DM)

  9. Match Hay to Protein Requirement(2% BW as DM)

  10. Take Home Message • Variability of grass hays nutrient profile • Management/Inputs/Storage • Challenges of feeding high % alfalfa diets • Excess protein and imbalanced Ca:P • Good quality grass hay is a “good fit” for mature horses (non-lactating) • Easy to see why horses get “hot” on alfalfa

  11. Feeding High Nitrate Feeds to Horses • Documented cases of nitrate toxicity in horse are rare • Conversion of nitrate to nitrite by microbes: location and less efficient • Symptoms may include digestive upset and colic • “Confounding Factors” • Plants with other toxins/soluble sugars that can cause similar symptoms • Forage residue = stemmy = impaction colic; colic signs = prelim nitrate signs • References: K-State Fact Sheet MF 3029 • http://www.j-evs.com/article/S0737-0806(10)00057-2/abstract • http://www2.ca.uky.edu/gluck/q_oct09.asp

  12. Feeding Sorghum species to Horses 4 four major syndromes: 1. Neuropathy (nerve damage) and teratogenesis (damaging effects to the fetus); 2. Photosensitization; 3. Nitrate intoxication; and 4. Acute cyanide poisoning. • Not recommended, but not uncommon • 9 out of 10 times… • Very little research, potentially lathyrogens? Length of feeding? • Bladder/kidney followed by neurological/fetal problems • References: K-State Fact Sheet MF 3040 • http://www.thehorse.com/articles/26443/toxin-topic-johnsongrass-poisoning-in-horses • http://www.tropicalgrasslands.asn.au/Tropical%20Grasslands%20Journal%20archive/Abstracts/Vol_23_1989/Abs_23_04_89_pp193_202.html • http://www.thehorse.com/articles/26443/toxin-topic-johnsongrass-poisoning-in-horses

  13. Vaccination Programs • Default: www.aaep.org • Resources vs. medical advice

  14. Hoof Care Resources • AFA; Find A Farrier http://americanfarriers.org • eXtension Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_8uYkDxcsY horses.nmsu.edu

  15. Body Condition Scoring Resources • eXtension HorseQuest App • http://www.a1apps.net/bcsHorse/ • ANSI-3920 Body Condition of Horses • http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/outreach-extension/e-equine/equine-fact-sheets

  16. Health Care • The Horse Magazine: www.thehorse.com • www.aaep.org • http://www.wormsandgermsmap.com • http://www.ivis.org/home.asp • Horse Side Vet Guide (app): http://horsesidevetguide.com

  17. Nutrition/Feeding Resources • eXtension HorseQuest: www.extension.org/horses • NRC Nutrient Requirements of Horses Online Calculator (Diet Evaluation): http://nrc88.nas.edu/nrh • Dr. Tony Knight’s Online Searchable Database of Poisonous Plants: http://southcampus.colostate.edu/poisonous_plants/index.cfm?countno=NO • CSU Fact Sheet “Stretching Your Hay Supply”: http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/livestk/01625.pdf • SDSU Feed Cost Calculator App: http://www.sdstate.edu/sdces/store/MobileApps/feedcostcalculator.cfm • Noble Agritools (Pearson Square): http://www.noble.org/ag/tools/livestock/pearson-square-calculator

  18. General Equine Management Resources • My Horse University webinars: http://myhorseuniversity.com • Rutgers Equine Science Center Webinars: http://www.esc.rutgers.edu/publications/webinars.htm • Animal/Equine Welfare Issues • UNL Webpage: http://4h.unl.edu/resourceanimalcare • AAEP Webpage: http://www.aaep.org/info/equine-welfare-49

  19. Horse Training/4-H Project Resources Horse Training 4-H Project/Activities American Youth Horse Council: http://ayhc.com http://aqha.com/education TAMU Online Horse Judging (fee based) MyCAERT: Ppoint lessons Slideshare.net • YouTube • eXtension Horse Channel • http://www.youtube.com/user/eXHorses • Larry Trocha Channel • http://www.youtube.com/user/ltrocha/videos • Les Vogt Channel • http://www.youtube.com/user/Equinista/videos

  20. Miscellaneous Equine Apps • Knot Tying App: http://knots3d.com

  21. Time For Questions

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