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lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,MHL

lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,MHL. WMZ6o!_. 5|SZ6o( WFT]VM. AFA] 58[, sALPV [;P;LP4ALPV[0f DNNlGX lX1FS lJJ [SFGN lJnF,IPHl0IF TFoWFG [ZF4 lHoAGF;SF 9F. D] bI BGLHM VG[ SFRL WFT]VM. D] bI BGLHM VG[ SFRL WFT]VM. WFT]XF:+. WFT]XF:+G[ GLR[ D]HA 5FR TAÞFDF JC[RJFDF VFJ[ K[P

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lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,MHL

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  1. lJ7FG VG[ 8[SGM,MHL WMZ6o!_ 5|SZ6o( WFT]VM AFA] 58[,sALPV[;P;LP4ALPV[0f DNNlGX lX1FS lJJ[SFG\N lJnF,IPHl0IF TFoWFG[ZF4 lHoAGF;SF\9F

  2. D]bI BGLHM VG[ SFRL WFT]VM

  3. D]bI BGLHM VG[ SFRL WFT]VM

  4. WFT]XF:+ WFT]XF:+G[ GLR[ D]HA 5F\R TAÞFDF\ JC[\RJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P 1. SFRL WFT]DF\YL 5Fp0Z 2. SFRL WFT]G]\ ;\S[gN=LSZ6 v OL6 %,JG s ;<OF.0GL VX]lwWVM N}Z SZJF f v R]\ASLI V,ULSZ6 s VFIG"GL VX]lwWVM N}Z SZJFf v ;[g8=L OI]U[XG s C,SF S6G[ N}Z SZJFf 3. E}\HG4 S[l<XG[XG VG[ l5U,G 4. lZ0SXG 5. WFT]G]\ lJX]âLSZ6 v lJn]TlJEFHG v 5|JFCLSZ6

  5. OL6 %,JG 5âlT • SFRL WFT]DF\GF ;<OF.0GF S6M 85["g8F.GYL EL\HF. G[ RM\[8L HFI K[4 HIFZ[ DF8L VG[ Z[TLGF S6M 85["g8F.GYL EL\HFTF GYLP • VF 5|JFCL lDz6G[ V[S G/L DFZOT[ NAF6YL CJF 5;FZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VFYL :F<OF.0GF S6MGL VFH]AFH] OL6 pt5gG Y. lDz6GL ;5F8L 5Z VFJ[ K[P

  6. OL6 %,JG 5âlT • OL6v%,JG 5âlTGM p5IMU :F<OF.0 BGLHM JF/L SFRLWFT]VM H[JLS[ SM5Z lh\S VG[ ,[0GF ;\S[gã6 DF8[ YFI K[P • VF 5âlTDF\ SFRL WFT]GM AFZLS 5Fp0Z 5F6L VG[ 85["g8F.GGF lDz6G[ V[S DM8F 5F+DF\ EZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

  7. OL6 %,JG 5âlT • DF8L Z[TL JU[Z[GF EFZ[ S6M 5F6L J0[ EL\HF.G[ lDz6GF T/LI[ A[;L HFI K[P • ;<OF.0 BGLHM JF/F OL6G[ ALHF5F+DF\ ,. 5F6LYL WMJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • VF 5âlTYL SM5Z 5F.ZF.8; H[JL SFRL WFT]G] ;\S[gã6 YFI K[ VG[ BGLHDF\YL DF8L Z[TL JU[Z[ N}Z YFI K[P

  8. R]\ASLI V,ULSZ6 • SFRL WFT]DF\ VFIG"GL VX]lâ CMITM WFT]GF AFZLS 5FJ0ZG[ UM/ UlT SZTF 5ÎF 5Z 50JF N[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • VFS'lTDF\ NXF"jIF 5|DF6[ V[S K[0[ R]\AS CMJFYL SFRL WFT]DF\ GF VFIG"GF S6M R]\AS J0[ VFSQFF".G[ GHLS 50[ K[P

  9. HIFZ[ AFSLGF S6M N}Z 50[ K[P VFD VF 5âlT ãFZF VFIG"GL VX]lâVM N}Z SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VFD4 VFIG"GL BGLHG]\ ;\S[gã6 R]\ASLI 5âlT ãFZF YFI K[P R]\ASLI V,ULSZ6

  10. E}\HG VF 5âlT J0[ SFRL WFT]GF\ ;<OF.0 ;\IMHG DF\YL ;<OZ N}Z SZL T[G[ VMS;F.0 O[ZJ[ K[P VF 5âlTDF\ AFQ5XL, ;<OZ VG[ VMS;F.0GL VX]lâVM N}Z YFI K[P 2ZnS(s) +3O2(g)r 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) 2HgS(s) +3O2(g)r 2HgO(s) + 2SO2(g)

  11. S[l<XG[XG H[ WFT]VM SFAM"G[8 S[ VMS;F>0GF :J~5DF\ CMI T[DF\YL VMS;F>0 AGFJJF T[DH AFQ5XL, VX]lâ VM N}Z SZJF ,FAM ;DI UZD SZJFYL VG]JTL" VMS;F>0 D/[ K[P MgCO3(s)r MgO(s) + CO2(g) ZnCO3(s)r ZnO(s) + CO2(g)

  12. lJn]TlJEFHG 5âlT lJn]TlJEFHG 5âlT • lh\S4 ,[04 V[<I]lDlGID4 SM5Z4 l:F<JZ VG[ UM<0 H[JL WFT]VMGF lJX]âLSZ6 DF8[ VF 5âlTGM p5IMU YFI K[P • VFS'lTDF\ NXF"jIF 5|DF6[ VX]â WFT]GM ;l/IM WG W|]JsV[GM0fVG[ X]â WFT]GM ;l/IM k6W|]JsS[YM0f TZLS[ ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

  13. lJn]TlJEFHG 5âlT WFT]GF 1FFZGF H,LI ãFJ6GM p5IMU lJn]T lJEFHI TZLS[ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • lJn]TlJEFHIDF\ lJW]T 5|JFC 5;FZ SZTF V[GM0 lJn]T lJEFHIDF\ VMU/[ K[P V[GM0 VMU/JFYL V[8,F 5|DF6DF\ WFT] lJn]TlJEFHI DF\ pD[ZFI K[P

  14. lJn]TlJEFHG 5âlT T[8,F 5|DF6DF\ WFT] lJn]T lJEFHIDF\YL S[YM0 5Z HDF YFI K[P S[YM0 5Z HDF YTL WFT]DF\ VX]lâ G CMJFYL T[ VlTX]â CMI K[P

  15. lJn]TlJEFHG 5âlT V[GM0 VMU/JFYL lJn]T lJEFHIDF\ pD[ZFI[, VX]lâ 5{SL ãFjI VX]lâVM V[GM0GF Tl/I[ V[S9L YFI K[ T[G[ V[GMl0S 5\S SC[ K[P • SM5Z WFT]GF lJn]T lJEFHG GL 5âlTDF\ VX]â SM5ZGF[ ;/LIM V[GM0 TZLS[ VG[ X]â SM5ZGM ;/LIM S[YM0 TZLS[ UM9JJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

  16. lJn]TlJEFHG 5âlT SM5Z ;<O[8G]\ ãFJ6 lJn]TlJEFHI TZLS[ ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P T[DF\ YM0F 5|DF6DF\ D\N ;<OI]lZS V[l;0 pD[ZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • lJn]TlJEFHIDF\ lJW]T 5|JFC 5;FZ SZJFYL V[GM0DF\YL H[8,F 5|DF6DF\ SM5Z4 SM5Z ;<O[8GF H,LI ãFJ6DF\ VMU/[ K[P

  17. lJn]TlJEFHG 5âlT T[8,F 5|DF6DF\ SM5Z SM5Z ;<O[8GF H,LI ãFJ6DF\YL S[YM0 5Z HDF YFI K[P VF ZLT[ HDF YT] SM5Z ,UEU 100% X]âTF WZFJ[ K[P V[GM0 oCu(s) Cu+2(aq) + 2e- S[YM0oCu+2(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) S],5|lS|IF Cu(s) VX]âCu(s) X]â

  18. 5|JFCLSZ6GL 5âlT • VF 5âlTDF\ l8G VG[ ,[0 H[JL ;C[,F.YL 5LU/TL WFT]VMGF E]SFG[ EõLGF -M/FJ 5Z WLD[ WLD[ 50JF N[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

  19. 5|JFCLSZ6GL 5âlT • EõLGF -M/JJF/M EFU VUFpYL UZD SZJFDF\ VFJ[,M CMJFYL GLRF U,GlAN]\G[ SFZ6[ WFT] 5LU/LG[ 5|JFCL~5 Y. -M/FJ p5Z h05YL ;ZSLG[ GLR[GF 5F+DF\ E[UL YFI K[P HIFZ[ T[DF\GL VX]lâVM VF TF5DFG[ 5LU/TL G CMJFYL -M/FJGF p5ZGF EFU 5Z H ZCL HFI K[P

  20. A[IZ 5âlT AMS;F>8 DF\YL X]â V[<I]lDGF A[IZ5âlT äFZF D/[P AMS;F>8G]\ lG:YF5G SZTF\ T[DGF\ O[Z; VMS;F>0G] O[lZS VMS;F>0 DF\ lZ0SXG YFI P lG:YFl5T AMS;F>8G[ X]â SZL 5FJ0Z AGFJJFDF\ VFJ[P AMS;F>8DF\ ;F\ã SM:8LS ;M0FG]\ ãFJ6 pD[ZL 433 K TF5DFG[ VG[ 5 YL 6 JFTFJZ6 NAF6[ A\W5F+DF\ 6 YL 8 S,FS ;]WL UZD SZTF\ ãFjI ;Ml0ID V[<I]lDG[8 AG[P Al2O3(s) + 2NaOH(aq) r 2NaAlO2(aq) + H2O(l)

  21. A[IZ 5âlT ;Ml0ID V[<I]lDG[8 JW] 5F6L pD[ZL C,FJTF HPlJP Y> ;O[N RLS6F\ V[<I]lDlGID CF>0=MS;F>0 VJ1F[5 D/[P NaAlO2(aq) + 2H2O(l) Al(OH)3(s) +NaOH(aq) V[<I]lDlGID CF>0=MS;F>0GF\ VJ1F[5G[ UF/L4 ;]SJLG[1473 K TF5DFG[ UZD SZTF\ X]â V[<I]lDGF D/[ K[P 2Al(OH)3(s) Al2O3(s) + 3H2O(g) A[IZ5âlT ãFZF X]â99.5%V[<I]lDGF D/[ K[P

  22. CM,vC[ZFp<8 5âlT • CM, C[ZFp<8 5âlTDF\ V[<I]lDGFG[ l5UF/[, S|FIM,F.8 sNa3AlF6f DF\ VMUF/JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • VF lDz6 l5UF/[, V[<I]lDGF SZTF\ ;FZF lJn]TJFCS TZLS[ JT[" K[P • VF lDz6DF\ O[<;5FZ sCaF2f pD[ZL U,GlA\N] JW] GL\R] ,FJL XSFI K[P

  23. CM,vC[ZFp<8 5âlT • CM, C[ZFp<8 5âlTDF\ SFA"GGF :TZJF/F ,MB\0 GF V[S 5F+DF\ 5LU/[, V[<I]DLGF VG[ S|FIM,F.8 GF l5UF/[,F ãFJ6G]\ lJn]T lJEFHG SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

  24. CM,vC[ZFp<8 5âlT • SMQFDF\ V[GM0 TZLS[[ SM5ZGF S,[d5 ;FY[ HM0[, SFA"GGF ;/LIF4 HIFZ[ S[YM0 TZLS[ SFA"G:TZI]ST U|[OF.8 G[ ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

  25. CM,vC[ZFp<8 5âlT • lJn]TlJEFHG YTF V[<I]lDlGID V,U 50[ VG[ SMQFGF Tl/I[ l5Ul,T ~5DF\ V[S+ YFI K[4 HIF\YL T[G[ ACFZ SF-L ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • V[<I]lDGF VG[ S|FIM,F>8 GL 5|lS|IFYL AGTF 5|JFCL WGFIG S[YM0 5Z 5LU/[, WFT] TZLS[ lZ0SXG 5FD[ K[P

  26. CM,vC[ZFp<8 5âlT HIFZ[ O-2G]\ V[GM0 p5Z SFA"GGL CFHZL DF\ CO2 TZLS[ VMlS;0[XG 5FD[ K[P5lZ6FD[ SFA"GGF ;l/IFsV[GM0f BJF> HFI K[PT[YL JFZ\JFZ AN,JF 50[ K[P C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)

  27. JFTEõL £FZF VFI"GG]\ lGQSQF"6 VFI"G D]bItJ[ JFTEõL £FZF lCD[8F>8GF lZ0SXGYL D[/JJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P JFTEõL p5ZGF K[0[YL ;F\S0L4 JrR[ GF EFUDF\ 5CM/L VG[ Tl/IFGF EFU YL ;F\S0L CMI K[P JFTEõL V\NZGL lNJF,M VluGZMWS >\8MGL AG[,L CMI K[P JFTEõLDF\ GLR[GF EFUDF\YL UZD CJF O}\SJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

  28. JFTEõL £FZF VFI"GG]\ lGQSQF"6 lCD[8F.8DF\ ZC[,L DM8FEFUGL VX]lâ N}Z SIF" AFN ;F\ã SFRL WFT]G[ SMS VG[ R}GFGF 5yYZ ;FY[ VFS'lTDF\ NXF"jIF 5|DF6[ JFTEõLDF\ ZC[,F é\RF TF5DFGG[ SFZ6[ S[8,LS 5|lS|IFVM YFI K[ VG[ V\T[ 5LU/[,]\ ,MB\0 D/[ K[P

  29. JFTEõL £FZF VFI"GG]\ lGQSQF"6 SMS4 VMlS;HG ;FY[ ;\IMHF> SFA"G 0FIMS;F.0 AGFJ[ K[P VF 5|lS|IF pQDF1F[5S CMJFYL EõLG]\ TF5DFG 1773 KYL 1973 KH[8,]\ YFI K[P (i) C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) + pQDF JFTEõLDF\ é\RF TF5DFGG[ SFZ6[ R}GFGF 5yYZG]\ lJW8G Y. S[l<XID VMS;F.0 VG[ SFA"G0FIMS;F.0 AG[P (ii) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

  30. JFTEõL £FZF VFI"GG]\ lGQSQF"6 UZD SFA"G 0FIMS;F.0 JFI] EõLDF\ p5Z HFI tIFZ[ SMS ;FY[ OZLYL 5|lS|IF SZL SFA"G DMGMS;F.0 AGFJ[ K[P VF 5|lS|IF pQDFXMQFS CMJFYL EõLG]\ TF5DFG 1173 KH[8,]\ YFI K[P (iii) CO2(g) + C(s) 2CO(g)

  31. JFTEõL £FZF VFI"GG]\ lGQSQF"6 EõLG]\ TF5DFG 673KYL 973KCMI tIFZ[ SFA"G DMGMS;F.0 £FZF lCD[8F.8DF\ ZC[,F VFI"G VMS;F.0 G]\ 5|JFCL ,MB\0DF\ lZ0SXG YFI K[P 5LU/[,L WFT] EõLGF Tl/I[ V[S9L YFI K[P (iv) 3Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) 2Fe3O4(s) + CO2(g) Fe3O4(s) + CO(g) 3FeO(s) + CO2(g) FeO(s) + CO(g) 2Fe(l) + CO2(g) 5|lS|IF(ii)NZlDIFG S[l<XIDVMS;F.04lCD[8F.8DF\ VXlâ TZLS[ Z[TLsSiO2f;FY[ 5|lS|IF SZL S[l<XID l;l,S[8 AGFJ[ K[ T[G[ :,[U SC[ K[PCaO(s) + SiO2 CaSiO3(i)

  32. JFTEõL £FZF VFI"GG]\ lGQSQF"6 VF :,[U 5LU/[,F ,MB\0 SZTF JHG DF\ C,SM CMJFYL T[ 5LU/[,F ,MB\0 TZTM ZC[ K[P T[YL 5LU/[,F ,MB\0G]\ VMlS;0[XG YT] V8SFJ[ K[P 5LU/[,F ,MB\0 VG[ :,[UG[ EõLGF Tl/I[ ZC[,F V,U V,U DFU" £FZF ACFZ SF-L ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P 55LU/[,F ,MB\0G[ 3G :J~5DF\ O[ZJL ,MB\0GL 5F8 AGFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P

  33. WFT]GL ;lS|ITF z[6L K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > (H) > Cu > Hg > Ag > Au SGFSF DUV,HG O[5A CS] CUVU Vp

  34. WFT]GF EF{lTS U]6WDM 1.WFT]TtJMGL ;5F8L ;FDFgI ZLT[ R/SF8JF/L VG[ 5Ml,X SZL XSFI T[JL CMI K[P 2.WFT]TtJM ;FDFgI ZLT[ 3G :J~5[ VG[ EFZ[ CMI K[4 T[D KTF\ Na, K, Mg, AlJU[Z[ 5|DF6DF\ C,SL WFT] K[P 5FZM VG[ U[l,ID V5JFN TZLS[ 5|JFCL WFT]VM K[P 3.DM8F EFUGL WFT]VM S96 CMI K[4 H[ R%5] J0[ SF5L XSFTL GYL4 H[JL S[ Fe Cu, Al JU[Z[4HIFZ[ Na, K,VG[ Pb H[JL S[8,LS WFT]VM R%5] J0[ SF5L XSFI T[JL GZD CMI K[P

  35. WFT]GF EF{lTS U]6WDM 4. WFT]VM pQDF VG[ lJn]TGL ;]JFCS K[P Ag, Cu, AlH[JL WFT]GL lJn]TJFCSTF 36L JWFZ[ CMI K[P ,[0VG[ DZSI]ZLH[JL WFT]VM pQDFGL D\NJFCS K[P 5. 36L WFT]VMG[ 5TZF AGFJL XSFI ;MGF VG[ RF\NLGF JZB B}A H 5FT/L 5ÎL K[P WFT]VMG[ B[\RLG[ 5FT/F TFZ AGFJL XSFIP VFD4 WFT]VMG[ 8L5L XSFI K[P TYF TFZ B[\RL XSFI K[P

  36. WFT]GF EF{lTS U]6WDM 6.WFT]VMGF\ U,GlA\N] VG[ ptS,GlA\N] µ\RF\ CMI K[P NFPTP VFIG"G]\ U,GlA\N] 36]\ µ\R]\ s1812KfH[8,]\ K[P 7.WFT]VMG[ VOF/jFFYL Z6SFZ pt5gG YFI K[P 8.V[S WFT]DF\YL ALHL WFT] pD[ZLG[ H]NF H]NF U]6WDM"JF/L lDzWFT]VM AGFJL XSFI K[P H[DS[ l5T/4 HD"G l;<JZ4 ;MGFGF\ VFE}QF6M JU[Z[

  37. WFT]GF ZF;FIl6S U]6WDM 1.0FIVMlS;HG ;FY[ 5|lS|IF o YL WFT]GM VMS;F>0 AG[P Mg(s) + O2(g) r 2MgO(s) 2.5F6L ;FY[ 5|lS|IF o YL WFT]GF VMS;F>0 S[ CF>0=MS;F>0 AGFJ[ VG[ CF>0=MHG JFI] pt5gG SZ[P 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) 2KOH(aq) + H2(g) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) Zn(s) + H2O(g) ZnO(s) + H2(g) 2Al(s) +3H2O(g) Al2O3(s) + 3H2(g)

  38. WFT]GF ZF;FIl6S U]6WDM 3.V[l;0 ;FY[ 5|lS|IF o YL 1FFZ VG[ CF>0=MHG JFI] pt5gG YFI K[P Mg (s) + HCl(aq) 2MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) 2Al(s)+ 6HCl(aq)2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g) 4.0FIS,MlZG ;FY[ 5|lS|IF o YL WFT]GM S,MZF>0 AGFJ[P Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s) Mg(s) + Cl2(g) MgCl2(s)

  39. WFT]GF ZF;FIl6S U]6WDM 5.0FICF>0=MHG ;FY[ 5|lS|IF o YL CF>0=F>0 AGFJ[ K[P 2Na(s) + H2(g) 2NaH(s) ;Ml0ID CF>0=F>0 2K(s) + H2(g) 2KH(s) 5M8[lXID CF>0=F>0 Ca(s) + H2(g) CaH2(s) S[l<XID CF>0=F>0

  40. 1FFZ6 • SF8 V[ D]bItJ[ VFI"G VMS;F.0 sFe2O3.xH2Of K[4 H[ ,F, Z\UGF SF8 TZLS[ VM/BFI K[P • CJF4 5F6L VYJF E[HGF ;\5S"DF\ WFT]GL B]<,L ;5F8L 5Z SF8 ,FUJFGL 38GFG[ WFT]1FFZ6 SC[ K[P

  41. 1FFZ6 V8SFJJFGF p5FIM 1.,MB\0G]\ 1FFZ6 V8SFJJFDF8[ T[GL 5Z Z\U ,UF0JM HM.V[ HM Z\U GLS/L HFI TM ;DIF\TZ[ Z\UsS,Zf ,UF0JM HM.V[P 2.,MB\0GL RLHJ:T]VMs CYM0L45Þ04SF/LGL SFTZf p5Z T[, ,UF0JF YL 1FFZ6 V8SFJL XSFI SFZ6 S[ T[,G]\ :TZ,MB\0GL RLHJ:T]G[ CJF S[ E[HGF ;\5S"DF\ VFJJF N[T]\ GYLP

  42. 1FFZ6 V8SFJJFGF p5FIM 3.WFT] 5Z >G[D, S,ZG]\ VFJZ6 ,UF0LG[ 1FFZ6 V8SFJL XSFI K[P 4.:8LDZGL ,MB\0GL %,[8MG[ SF8 BFTL V8SFJJF DF8[ ,MB\0 SZTF\ JW] lS|IFxFL, WFT] H[JL S[ D[uG[lXID VYJF lh\SGF\ DM8F RM;,F\ ,MB\0GL %,[8MG[ HM0L NlZIFGF 5F6LGF ;\5S"DF\ ZFBJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VF RM;,FG]\ NlZIFGF 5F6LDF\ ;TT 1FFZ6 YT]\ ZC[ K[ VG[ T[DG[ ;DIF\TZ[ AN,JF 50[ K[P 5.IMuI ZF;FIl6S 5NFYM" slGZMWSMf p5IMU SZJFYL

  43. 1FFZ6 V8SFJJFGF p5FIM 6.,MB\0GL ;5F8L p5Z lh\S WFT]G]\ VlTAFZLS V:TZ R0FJLG[ ,MB\0G]\ 1FFZ6 V8SFJL XSFI K[P lh\SG]\ V:TZ R-FJ[,F ,MB\0G[ U[<J[GF.h0 VFIG" SC[ K[ VG[ V:TZ R-FJFGL l S|IFG[ U[<J[GF.lh\U SC[ K[P • HM U[<J[GF.h0 VFI"G p5ZYL lh\SG]\ YM0]\ V:TZ GLS/L HFI VG[ ,MB\0GL ;5F8L B]<,L YFI TM56 ,MB\0G[ SF8 ,FUTM GYL4 SFZ6 S[ JW] ;lS|Ilh\S WFT] 5|;ZL H. ,MB\0G[ S8FT]\ V8SFJ[ K[P

  44. 1FFZ6 V8SFJJFGF p5FIM 7.,MB\0G]\ 1FFZ6 V8SFJJFGF V;ZSFZS p5FI TZLS[ T[DF\ VgI WFT] S[ VWFT] pD[ZL T[GF U}6WDM"DF\ O[ZOFZ SZLG[ 1FFZ6YL ARFJL XSFI K[P H[D S[ 70%,MB\04 20% S|MlDID VG[ 10%lGS, DF\YL AGTL :8[G,[; :8L, lDzWFT] 5Z CJF4 5F6L S[ VF<S,LGL V;Z YTL GYLP T[YL SF8 ,FUTM GYLP

  45. lDzWFT]VM4 T[GF 38SM4U}6WDM" VG[ p5IMUM

  46. lDzWFT]VM4 T[GF 38SM4U}6WDM" VG[ p5IMUM

  47. S[Z[8DF\ ;MGFGL X]âTF • ;MGFGL X]âTFG[ S[Z[8 V[SDDF\ ZH} SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P • X]â ;MG] G[ 24S[Z[8G]\ U6JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ T[ B}A H GZD CMJFYL T[DFYL AGFJ[, VFE}QF6MG[ YM0] NAF6 VF5TF T[GM VFSFZ AN,F. HFI K[4 • 56 HM X]â ;MGFDF\ YM0FS 5|DF6DF\ TF\A] S[ RF\NL ëD[ZL VFJ[ TM T[GL DHA}TF. JW[ K[P VG[ T[DF\YL AGFJ[, VFE}QF6MDF\ 22 EFU ;MG] VG[ 2EFU TF\A] S[ RF\NL CMI K[P VFG[ 22S[Z[8 ;MG] SC[ K[P

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