Naveed Iqbal Akhter Solar Ltd

1. Photovoltaic Technology.How PV help in energy crisis Naveed Iqbal Akhter Solar Ltd

2. ENERGY USE Worldwide Energy Consumption 1980-2030

3. Wheredoes our energy come from? Share of total Primary Energy Supply in 2010 10,376 Mtoe IEA Energy Statistics

4. Increasing percentage of Total World Energy used for Electricity Generation Quadrillion BTU 41.6% Electricity is becoming more important 35.6%

5. Focus on Electricity World Electricity Generation by Fuel

6. Focus on Electricity Sources of Electricity in Pakistan

7. Focus on Electricity Sector wise distribution of Electricity

8. Supply and Demand of Electricity in Pakistan Electricity Deficiency chart

9. Core Issues of Electricity in Pakistan • 45% Population without Electricity • Demand and Supply Gap • Expensive Sources of Electricity

10. Expensive Installation Expensive Distribution Ultimate Solution Standalone Solar Home System

11. PV Power Plants • Capital investment required:- 35 M US $ for 10 MW capacity • Generate enough electricity to provide 15000 Homes • Revenue stream commences from 7th month of start of project • CommerciallyFeasible at tariff of 18cent/KWh or 15 cent/KWh at an increment of 2% per annum for 20 years • Required Loan at soft interest rate of 2% • Land Cost should be very nominal

12. Net Metering • Net metering is connection of small renewable energy generating system to Grid • Incentive for consumer investment in PV generation system • Low Cost easy administered • Required arrangement with local electricity provider instead of state • Feed in tariff required to announce.

13. Primary Energy Mix Current 2010 Revised Plan 2030

14. The Future Is Bright Example of cost recovery on an installation amortised over 25 years. Assumes an increase in fossil fuel costs of 5% pa. PV generatedper kwh Fossil generatedper kwh

15. Solar Energy The ULTIMATE source. How much is available? The sun’s rays provide enough energy to supply 10,000 timesthe TOTAL energy requirementof mankind. So, howdo we harness it? • Solar Thermal • Photovoltaic

16. Photovoltaic Possible materials to make PV cells • CdTe Cadmium Telluride • CiGs Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide • Polymers Solar power market share by technology • Silicon Amorphous Thin Film Mono crystallineMulti crystalline

17. “Sand” Metallurgical Grade Silicon Ingot Electronic Grade Chunks Bars Modules Wafers Strings Cells The Chain

18. Market Size By 2010, there is realistic potential for $30bn in solar power system sales

19. Production Cost Improvements Thinner wafers mean greater efficiency in price AND performance

20. Cost Breakdown Produced in Low labour cost area (Labour cost $2/hour) 8.9% 2.6% 10.5% 78%

21. Cost Breakdown Produced in High labour cost area (Labour cost $10/hour) 10% 12% 9% 71%

22. Price Trend Estimate of global average solar module prices US$/watt

23. Future Developments • R&D is focused on increasing conversion efficiency and reducing cell manufacturing cost, to reduce electricity generation cost. • Improved crystallisation processes for high quality, low-cost silicon wafers • Advanced silicon solar cell device structures and manufacturing processes • Technology transfer of high efficiency solar cell processes from the • laboratory to high volume production • Reduction of the silicon wafer thickness to reduce the consumption of silicon • Stable, high efficiency thin-film cells to reduce semiconductor materials costs • Novel organic and polymer solar cells with potentially low manufacturing cost • Solar concentrator systems using lenses or mirrors to focus the sunlight onto small-area, high-efficiency solar cells

24. Thank you Naveed IqbalAkhter Solar Ltd