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World History Thursday, 8 October 2009

World History Thursday, 8 October 2009. Remember to write your agenda-also, get out pen/pencil and paper to take notes! Notes: Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta reading Tomorrow: Philosophy Remember: Chapter 5 questions will be due Thursday, October 15. ANCIENT GREECE.

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World History Thursday, 8 October 2009

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  1. World History Thursday, 8 October 2009 • Remember to write your agenda-also, get out pen/pencil and paper to take notes! • Notes: Athens and Sparta • Athens and Sparta reading • Tomorrow: Philosophy • Remember: Chapter 5 questions will be due Thursday, October 15

  2. ANCIENT GREECE ATHENS AND SPARTA Persian War Peloponnesian War

  3. EARLY GOVERNMENTS 1. Monarchy King/Queen – central power Noble land owners Military defenders 2. Aristocracy Elite Landowners ruled 3. Oligarchy Power rests with few Minority rules majority

  4. PHALANX • Developed by Greeks • Rectangular mass formation • Disciplined to hold the front line

  5. PHALANX STRATAGY Adapt line to weakness of enemies

  6. ATHENS • Located in Attica • North of the Peloponnesus • 700 BC – monarchy to aristocracy • Noble landowners held power

  7. Demands for Change • Athenian wealth and power was growing • More and more discontent with commoners • Merchants/Soldiers wanted more rights • Hard times for Farmers • Sold off family members to pay off debt

  8. SOLON • Elected by Aristocrats to avoid Civil War • Wise and trusted leader • Reforms • Outlawed debt slavery (594BC) • Opened high offices to more citizens • Gave Assembly more power • Governing body of officials

  9. SOLON

  10. Pisistratus • Seized power in 546 BC • Tyrant – gained power by force • Took land and power from commoners and gave it to Nobles • Weakened Aristocracy

  11. Cleisthenes • Came to power in 508 BC (defeated Hippias) • Council of 500 • Randomly chosen members • Proposed Laws • Counseled Assembly

  12. Athens

  13. SPARTA Education • Sickly Newborns left to die • Killed weak • 7yrs old – began military training • 20 yrs old – men could marry • 30 yrs old – specialized training

  14. Women • Expected to produce healthy sons • Exercised and strengthen bodies • Obeyed husbands and fathers, not so much • Could inherit property

  15. Government • Assembly • Council of free men • Voted on major issues • Council of Elders • Proposed laws

  16. Q&A • Describe Phalanx • Where is Athens located? • Where is Sparta located? • What is an Assembly? • What is a Council of Elders? • Who was a tyrant of Athens? • Describe the education of Sparta • Describe the women’s role of Sparta

  17. Olympia: Birthplace of the Olympics

  18. PERSIAN WARS King Leonidas

  19. Persia Greece PERSIA Ionia IONIA Greece Peloponnesus

  20. PERSIAN WARS • Persian forces conquered Ionia (556BC) • A Greek Polis on the coast of Asia Minor • Aristagoras began democratic rebellion (499 BC) • Went to Sparta – Sparta denied help • Went to Athens – Athens promised 20 ships

  21. Athenians sacked Sardis, capitol of Ionia • All other Polis in Asia Minor joined • Rebellion was defeated by Darius I • Darius I promises to make Athens pay role in Ionian rebellion • Darius I launches an attack on Athens (490 BC)

  22. Battle of Marathon • Hippias – former Tyrant of Athens – exiled to Persia • Miltiades – former Persian soldier – lead an army for Athens • 25,000 Persian soldiers • 10,000 Athenian soldiers • Athenians use Phalanx formation

  23. Athenians over matched Persian forces • Casualties • Persians – 6,400 • Athenians - 192 • Persian forces retreat and head for Athens • City of Athens was left defenseless

  24. Pheidippides • Athens soldier • Sprints back to Athens to tell the city to hold on and fight • 26 miles • He delivers message and dies • City holds off Persian army until Athenian army arrives • Persian army retreats

  25. Battle of Thermopylae and Salamis Xerxes is King of Persians • Persians controlled most of known world • Asia Minor • Ionia • Judah • Mesopotamia • Egypt

  26. Thermopylae • 480 BC • Xerxes sent ½ by land, ½ by sea (Army of over 1,000,000) • Narrow mountain pass • 7,000 Greeks, 300 Spartans • Greeks held off Persians for 3 days

  27. Greek Traitor, Ephilates, told Xerxes about secret path around the cliffs • 300 Spartans tried to hold Xerxes off while rest of Greeks retreated • All Spartans were killed

  28. Salamis • Themistocles • Athenian statesman • Convinced Athenians to evacuate and fight at sea • Battled Persian ships off coast of Salamis • Greeks used ships as battling rams • Greeks defeated 1/3 of Persian navy

  29. PELOPONNESIAN WAR Athens vs. Sparta Athens – democratic – Delian League Sparta – Militaristic – Peloponnesian League Bitter rivalry – both wanting to be best league in Greece

  30. Athens had best Navy in Greece • Sparta was too deep into land for Athens Navy to be effective • Sparta had best Army in Greece • Pericles • Leader of Athens • Knew he could not defeat Spartan’s army • Barricaded Athens population inside City walls to battle Sparta • Plague broke out and killed 2/3s of Athens army

  31. Q&A 1. Why did Athens fight for Ionia? 2. Describe the Battle of Marathon 3. Describe the Battle of Thermopylae 4. Describe the Battle of Salamis 5. How was Athens defeated in the Peloponnesian War? (2)

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