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Unveiling Earth's Layers: Geology and its Importance

Explore the significance of geology through the layers of the Earth – Crust, Mantle, and Core – each with unique composition and physical properties. Learn how temperature and pressure vary within the Earth, impacting its structure and behavior. Discover how seismic waves help us understand Earth's hidden layers.

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Unveiling Earth's Layers: Geology and its Importance

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  1. Inside the Earth

  2. Why is geology important?

  3. Layers of the Earth • If we could take a chunk out of the Earth, we would see that it is made up of different layers.

  4. Layers of the Earth • Earth is made up of 3 main layers • Crust • Mantle • Core • Each layer has it’s own individual composition and physical properties.

  5. Physical Properties and Composition • Composition= what it’s made of • Physical properties= characteristic that is unique and helps to identify the substance (temp, size, shape, color) • Example: Chocolate Chip Cookies • Composition- flour, eggs, sugar, chocolate chips, baking powder, butter • Properties- round, rough, sweet, tan and black, hot, lumpy,

  6. Layers of the Earth(p90) • CRUST • Physical Properties: • outermost layer • thinnest layer (5-70km thick) • Surface temperature • 1% of Earth’s mass • where we live • touches the atmosphere • Composition: • consists of loose rocks & soil

  7. Crust • Very thin

  8. 2 Types of Crust • Continental Crust: dry land, granite less dense Oceanic Crust: ocean floor, Basalt, thinner than cont. crust but more dense

  9. Layers of the Earth • MANTLE • Physical Properties: • thickest layer (2900km thick) • 1600-4000 F • 66% of earth’s mass • flowing • Composition: • Molten rock • Magma

  10. Layers of the Earth • CORE • Physical properties: • HOT! 4000-8000 F • Very dense • High pressure • 4000 miles from surface • 33% of Earth’s mass • About the same size as Mars • Composition: • Iron and Nickel (metals)

  11. What have you noticed about temperature and pressure? • As you get deeper inside the Earth, temperature Increases • As you get deeper inside the Earth, pressure Increases

  12. Layers of the Earth • The 3 main layers of the Earth can be divided further by the way they “act” within the Earth and by their different physical properties.

  13. LithosphereCrust and upper Mantle • outermost layer – includes crust and upper mantle • rigid • divided into pieces or tectonic plates • Rocks and soil

  14. AsthenosphereMiddle Mantle • composed of solid flowing rock • layer on which pieces of lithosphere move on top (solid rock that flows) • Think of it like caramel

  15. MesosphereBottom Mantle • strong, lower part of the mantle • layer between asthenosphere and core

  16. The CoreOuter and Inner • The core is divided into two parts • Outer Core: • Liquid iron and nickel that’s spinning • Inner Core: • Solid iron and nickel • Solid because of all the pressure of the rest of the Earth surrounding it.

  17. How do we know? • Seismic waves produced by earthquakes travel at different speeds through solid rock and liquids

  18. Layers of the Earth

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