1 / 31

Agriculture

Agriculture. Agricultural Hearths – 1 st Agricultural Revolution. Carl Sauer ’s beliefs on domestication. Domestication probably did not develop in response to hunger Starving people must spend every waking hour searching for food

celeste
Download Presentation

Agriculture

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Agriculture

  2. Agricultural Hearths – 1st Agricultural Revolution

  3. Carl Sauer’s beliefs on domestication • Domestication probably did not develop in response to hunger • Starving people must spend every waking hour searching for food • Started by people who had enough food to remain settled in one place • Did not occur in grasslands or river floodplains because of thick sod and periodic flooding • Must have started in regions where many different kinds of wild plants grew • Started in hilly district areas, where climates change with differing sun exposure and altitude • Vegetative Planting 1st (transplanting part of actual plant) then Seed Planting

  4. Diffusion along Trade Routes • Techniques as well as foods

  5. Subsistence Agriculture • Found in LDC’s • Commercial Agriculture • Found in MDC’s • Distinguishing features • Purpose of farming • # of farmers in the labor force • Use of machinery • Farm size • Relationship of farming to other businesses Rubenstein p. 330-333

  6. Percent of Labor Force engaged in Agriculture Rub. Map 331

  7. Agricultural Regions • By Derwent Whittlesey, 1936 • 11 main agricultural regions • 5 in LDC’s • 6 in MDC’s • Plus 1 where ag is nonexistent

  8. LDC: Shifting Cultivation • Characterized by • Slash and burn agriculture • Using field for only a few years • Cleared land called Swidden or ladang, milpa, chena or kaingin • Crops • SE Asia: rice • S America: maize & cassava • Africa: millet & sorghum

  9. LDC: Pastoral Nomadism • A form of subsistence agricultural • Located in semiarid lands of: N. Africa, Middle East, Central Asia • Only 15 million people are pastoral nomads but us 20% of Earth’s land area • Transhumance

  10. LDC: Intensive Subsistence Agriculture w/wet rice • Intensive: farmers more work more intensively to subsist • Areas of high population density resulting in less land available/farmer • Some are wet rice areas • Some have double cropping

  11. LDC: Intensive Subsistence Agriculture wet rice not dominant • Areas with low precipitation • Crops: wheat, barley, legumes, etc. • Crop rotation • Common in Communist China

  12. LDC: Plantation Farming • A large farm that specializes in one or two crops: cotton, sugarcane, coffee, rubber & tobacco • Usually in subtropics • Usually in areas of low population density – must import workers

  13. MDC: Mixed Crop & Livestock • Most common form of commercial ag in US • Most crops are fed to animals rather than for human consumption – corn or soybeans common • Uses crop rotation Rub. Map 343

  14. MDC: Dairy Farming • Once only in MDC’s, now more common in S & E Asia – • India is the #1 producer • Must be close to market – milkshed • Improved transportation and refrigeration have increased milkshed radius Rub. Map p. 344

  15. MDC: Grain Farming • Crops grown primarily for human consumption • Grains are: wheat, corn, oats, barley, rice, millet, etc. • Stores easily & transported a long distance • N. Am prairies – world’s “breadbasket” Rub. Map 346

  16. MDC: Livestock Ranching • Commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area • Range wars caused by enclosures • Introduction of new cattle breeds • Non-US ranching: Spain, Portugal, Argentina, southern Brazil & Uruguay Rub. Map 348

  17. MDC: Mediterranean Ag. • S. Europe, N. Africa, w. Asia, California, central Chile, & sw. Australia • All of the above borders seas, most on west coast off continents • Mostly horticulture: fruits, vegetables, and flowers & commercial tree crops • Most of world’s olives & grapes produced in Med. areas

  18. MDC: Commercial Gardening • Predominant in se US • Aka “truck farming” (truck was a Middle English word for bartering) • Highly efficient large-scale operations • New England has specialty farming – limited but increased demand among affluent, ex: asparugus, strawberries, etc.

  19. 2nd Agricultural Rev. • 1750-1900 – with the Industrial Rev. • Increased productivity • More food with less farmers • Esther Boserup - agric. output depends on the pop. - Anti-Malthusian • 5 stages of intensification of farmland • 1. forest fallow, 2. bush fallow 3. short fallow 4. annual cropping 5. multicropping

  20. Green (3rd) Revolution • Invention and quick diffusion of agricultural techniques during 1960’s-80’s • Main techniques • Genetic Engineering • Higher-yield seeds – Norman Borlaug • Drought/disease resistance • Quicker growing season (double-cropping) • Expanded use of fertilizers • Need tractors, irrigation pumps & other machinery to take full advantage

More Related