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3400 EMPLOYEES..

WITHIN RENEWABLES IN EUROPE. No. 1. RENEWABLE ENERGY. 90%. 264. POWER AND DISTRICT HEATING PLANTS. 35%. OF NORWAY’S POWER GENERATION . ... IN MORE THAN 20 COUNTRIES. 3400 EMPLOYEES. 3. High GROWTH in renewables. Renewables ( electricity ) in Europe TWh/year. ~800- 3 000.

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3400 EMPLOYEES..

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  1. Statkraft presentation

  2. Mtg Mr. Mathers October 14, 2008

  3. WITHIN RENEWABLES IN EUROPE No.1 RENEWABLE ENERGY 90% 264 POWER AND DISTRICT HEATING PLANTS 35% OF NORWAY’S POWER GENERATION ...IN MORE THAN 20COUNTRIES 3400EMPLOYEES..

  4. 3 High GROWTH in renewables Renewables (electricity) in Europe TWh/year ~800- 3 000 ~600 ~600 Today by 2020 by 2050 Source: Statkraft, EREC, ECF

  5. Meeting future energy and climate needs requires high growth and huge investments in renewables, • across a broad range of technologies • Osmotic power forms a natural part of the new renewable energy portfolio, providing clean baseload energy with low environmental impact,.. • ...requiring cost reductions, a conducive policy • framework and a critical mass of developers to succeed

  6. OSMOTIC POWER OPPORTUNITY • Global potential: • 1600 - 1700 TWh/year * • European potential: • 180 TWh/year * • Site criteria's • Salt water with sufficient salinity • Limited need for pre treatment of fresh water and salt water upstream membranes • Short distance between salt water and fresh water • Available site • Support and incentive schemes applicable for OP • Existing consenting * Source: Statkraft

  7. S First powerplant : LCOE 120 EUR/MWh Reductiontowards 70 EUR/MWhwithin2030 Competitive LCOE withotherrenewables 302plants within 2030, LCOE = ~70 EUR/MWh Towards commercialisation LCOE = ~120 EUR/MWh EUR/MWh CCS Highestimate 95 Low/baseestimate 85 80 Controlsys. Proj. mng Pipes Construction Pro-cess Mem-brane OPEX LCOE1 Wind Offshore Wind onshore Bio-mass Hydro (run-off river) Gasfired CCGT (inclcarboncapture) 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 • Levelized cost of Energy • Expect30 25MW powerplantswithin 2030 • Source: EU Second Strategic Energy Review (2008), Moderate fuel price scenario; BCG; Saltstrat- og BCG-team analyse.

  8. Whyosmoticpower? Baseload Smallecologicalfootprint Decentralisedsourceofenergy Basedonproventechnology

  9. FROM A GREAT IDEA TO “BIRTH” During the eighties. Desalination more cost effective due to better membranes and systems. Small scale membrane development in laboratory. Sidney Loeb. Patented the PRO system. 2003. Test bench for membrane modules. 1970 2010 2009. First Osmotic Power plant put into operation. Hand-wrapped membrane 1964 1996. Statkraft started a project with Sintef. Followed by membrane search and testing. 2001. Pilot at Sunndalsøra. No membranes suitable for PRO, and hardly for desalination.

  10. Page 11 NOBEL STOCKHOLM 11 11 TEKNA 011209 Senterpartiet 271109

  11. “Proof of concept” • System scale-up • “Moving down the learning curve...” • Membrane and component testing and optimisation • Operation and maintenance experience • Meeting place for manufactures and utilities

  12. Prototype – main activities Main activeties In operation since November 2009 Monitoring of membrane performance Cleaning and maintenance of membranes PX operation in PRO, pressure requirements Procedures for start-up and operation of system and components Pretreatment fresh water optimization Pretreatment seawater optimization Design and start-up of single membrane module test units

  13. MEMBRANE/MODULE – experiences Stack of 8 inch modules Membrane Module First generation CA < 0.5 W/m2 over time SW 33g/l. Operating pressure 6,5 bar Pressure losses in module much to high on fresh water side > 0,6 bar What is the required pretreatment for PRO operation? Can cleaning of membranes be used to compensate reduced pretreatment? Second generation membrane TFC based on Statkraft recipe to be installed November 2010 Third generation membranes soon to be chosen

  14. ENERGY RECOVERY IN PRO 2 ERI PX in operation Experience Easy to operate and maintain in running conditions High efficiency ~ 93% exceeding expectation Start up procedure Size of existing solutions not applicable in osmotic power plant Leakage between seawater and brackish water reduce overall efficiency Challenges

  15. Governments Manufacturers Utilities TOFTE PROTOTYPE: A CATALYST • Manufacturers invited to test technology at Tofte • Tofte to become a preferred location for technical OP research • Tofte capabilities make Statkraft an attractive partner for membrane & component manufacturers • Increase awareness of osmotic power • Use Tofte as a lobbying tool for financial support • Relationship building • Invite representatives from sites deemed attractive for pilot and demo plants • Strengthen position of core business • E.g. promote Statkraft's osmotic power capabilities as a means to improve access for hydropower developments1 • Create demand for osmotic power • Geographical reach • Osmotic knowledge facilitates partnerships for developments in Statkraft's non-core geographies

  16. CONCLUDING REMARKS • Osmotic power can provide clean baseload energy, but cost reductions, a conducive policy framework and a critical mass of developers is required to succeed. • Existing RO membranes and modules are not applicable for osmotic power, key issue is membrane structure and the module pressure loss and size • Main focus in prototype towards new membrane modules, improved pre-treatment and membrane maintenance • Prototype and pilot demonstration plants are supporting and accelerating the development towards commercialization

  17. Mtg Mr. Mathers October 14, 2008

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