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AQUATIC WEED CONTROL

AQUATIC WEED CONTROL. Ponds. 14,000 ponds east of highway 17. Ponds. Two kinds of ponds Ones that have weeds Ones that will have weeds. AQUATIC WEEDS. Algae Photosynthesizing plant No roots, leaves, or flowers. AQUATIC WEEDS. Algae Microscopic algae : turns water green. AQUATIC WEEDS.

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AQUATIC WEED CONTROL

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  1. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL

  2. Ponds • 14,000 ponds east of highway 17

  3. Ponds Two kinds of ponds • Ones that have weeds • Ones that will have weeds

  4. AQUATIC WEEDS Algae • Photosynthesizing plant • No roots, leaves, or flowers

  5. AQUATIC WEEDS Algae • Microscopic algae: turns water green

  6. AQUATIC WEEDS Algae • Filamentous: strands attach to rocks or float in mats

  7. AQUATIC WEEDS Algae • Chara: resemble flowering plant • Can be toxic to fish

  8. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants • Submersed • Rooted plants that don't reach the surface

  9. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants • Free-floating • Floating plant that has dangling unattached roots

  10. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants • Free-floating • Water Lettuce

  11. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants • Free-floating • Water Hyacinth

  12. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants • Free-floating • Water Hyacinth

  13. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants • Free-floating • Duckweed

  14. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants • Rooted-floating • Crested Floating Heart

  15. AQUATIC WEEDS Flowering Plants • Emergent • Rooted and emerging above water surface

  16. AQUATIC WEED GROWTH LIGHT • Photic zone is the water with enough light to support growth • Bottom of photic zone is 1% of full sunlight • Silt water = 3" • Clear water as deep as 300'

  17. AQUATIC WEED GROWTH NUTRIENTS Nitrogen and phosphorus • Phosphorus is the limiting nutrient • Most important to free-floating plants • P pollution can cause algal blooms • Runoff is major contributor

  18. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Nutrient control • Buffer vegetation on shore • Unmowed strip

  19. Shoreline • Turf will be undercut

  20. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL

  21. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Nutrient control • Buffer vegetation on shore • Wetland plants

  22. Shoreline • Vegetate shoreline • Wetland plants • Wetland carpet

  23. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Nutrient control • Floating wetland • Dangling roots support microbes (biofilm) • Absorb nutrients

  24. Shoreline Riprap shoreline • Stones control emergent weeds

  25. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Rip rap • Stabilize shoreline

  26. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Mechanical • Weed cutters that remove weeds • Slow • 2 acres/day

  27. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Drawdown • Solidify floating nutrients • Kill submersed weeds

  28. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Non-toxic blue dyes • Blocks light below 2'

  29. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Biological • Alligatorweed Flea Beetle • Release controlled alligatorweed where flea beetle can overwinter • Water Hyacinth • Mites, weevils and fungus released • Limited success

  30. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Aeration • Fountains and turbines • Aerobic conditions support microbes and fish • Reduce algae?

  31. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Grass carp • Triploid (sterile) • Consume massive amounts of algae and weeds • Live 10 years

  32. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Tilapia • Feed on algae • Harvest to eat

  33. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Barley bales • Releases natural chemical • Green water only

  34. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL UV Filter • Water passes by UV bulb • Controls algae only • Algal cells clump together or die

  35. AQUATIC WEED CONTROL Chemicals • Some that are labeled for aquatic use • Consult label • Liquid, granule or pellet formulation • Sinker adjuvant

  36. AQUATIC HERBICIDES Copper Sulfate (Cutrine) • Controls algae in drinking water supplies • Alkaline water (high carbonates) precipitate out copper • Copper Chelates more stable in alkaline water

  37. AQUATIC HEBRICIDES Emerged or floating weeds • Diquat (Reward) • Less effective in muddy water • 2,4-D (Aquacide) • Glyphosate (Rodeo)

  38. AQUATIC HEBRICIDES HERBICIDE APPLICATIONS • Start control early to avoid oxygen depletion • Repeat other half after 2 weeks

  39. Fish Kill • MO decomposing plant material utilizes oxygen • Heavy weed or algae kill can deplete oxygen from water and kill fish • Control only 1/2 of area • High temperatures have less oxygen • More susceptible to fish kill

  40. AQUATIC HEBRICIDES • Volume needed for algae and free floating weeds Acre-feet = surface area (acres) X average depth • Average depth • Half of maximum depth OR • Average of several measurements

  41. Kiawah • 115 ponds • 343 acres • 49 miles of shoreline

  42. Kiawah • Bivalves (clams) filtering capacities • Attaching to grid to floating wetlands, sinking them • Herbicide • Bioaugmentation • Tilapia and Grass Carp • Cost about $19/A annually

  43. Aquatic Weed Database • http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/

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