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Knowledge Management – In Theory and in Practice

Dr. Irina Stobbe, Berlin. Knowledge Management – In Theory and in Practice. Introduction – Who we are. A group of scientists of DLR, the „German NASA“, and their friends – experts in Marketing, Public Relation, Informatics and Knowledge Management, …

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Knowledge Management – In Theory and in Practice

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  1. Dr. Irina Stobbe, Berlin Knowledge Management – In Theory and in Practice

  2. Introduction – Who we are • A group of scientists of DLR, the „German NASA“, and their friends – experts in Marketing, Public Relation, Informatics and Knowledge Management, … • „We can find water on Mars – why not landmines in affected areas?“ • We want to encourage people all over the world • to learn about, to organise, to develop reliable detecting devices, • to develop your own social networks • Lecturer: Irina Stobbe, mathematician, Ph.D. in theoretical mechanics, experience in informatics, private consultant, teacher at the University of Applied Sciences - FHTW - Berlin WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  3. Outline / Memory • Knowledge Management • What role plays knowledge • Arguments, why organisations do that (expectations) • Topics and framework • Project in practice: Landmine Detection Technologies Wiki WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  4. Knowledge • Education is the basis for sustainable development (economical, technical, political, social ) • Development is the basis for welfare • Most businesses benefit from a higher level of understanding of economy, customers, environment and politics • Sustainability is possible only by understanding on an advanced level WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  5. Sharing the Knowledge • Culturally based: common knowledge and knowledge for the sake of domination, e.g. • Parents educate their children • Governmental and religious institutions provide school systems, colleges, institutes, universities • Enterprises educate their workers (private colleges, institutes, universities ) • Private or common learning WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  6. knowledge information data characters Knowledge - a disambiguation perception, action • Knowledge is the structured information inside a system of interrelations • Data has a syntax • Information has a context • Knowledge consists of interrelated information and interpretation • Knowledge is the precondition for reasonable and sensible doing/acting • Perceptions follows knowledge, if the relevance of the information for solving a problem is given. • Action happens, if you begin to solve the problem WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  7. Tacit knowledge, implicit knowledge Acquisition of k. happens through experience and practice Subconscious or latent knowledge Process of cognition is not describable Difficult to access Explicit knowledge Exists in a well documented form (mostly in databases or books) Formulation in at least one language Nameable Knowledge classification Commons Wikipedia, 12/2007 WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  8. Knowledge management • Management theory in organisations: manage the resource „knowledge“ • Understand and control the ways in which knowledge is created, used, shared within organisations • Objectives: to ensure that the right information is delivered to the right person just in time, in order to take the most appropriate decision.  practical approach . WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  9. Modern topics in research • Knowledge balance: collect all „debits and credits“ or „assets and liabilities“ as an addition to the balance sheet • „human capital“ • Mostly for Basel II (European credit framework) or the American credit frameworks. • Challenge: find out the Top-ten key indicators, which make the organisational knowledge countable. WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  10. Modern topics in research (II) • Implicit, tacit knowledge: how to gain? • Transfer of tacit knowledge, if there is now awareness • Find out forms and conditions to do that WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  11. Tacit knowledge Socialisation Externa-lisation Explicit knowledge Tacit knowledge Internalisation Combination Explicit knowledge Sharing knowledge • Conversion of internalized tacit knowledge into explicit codified knowledge (SECI) • Conversion of knowledge of an individual to knowledge of the organisation SECI model • Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. (1995), The Knowledge-Creating Company, New York: Oxford University Press. WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  12. Feedback Knowledge objectives Knowledge evaluation Knowledge Identification Knowledge usage Knowledge acquisition Knowledge conservation Knowledge development Knowledge distribution Source: „Bausteine des Wissensmanagements“, Probst, Raub, Romhardt, 1997 „Bricks“ of the knowledge management • Analysing the experience of a great number of knowledge experts from organisations • Over the lifecycle of knowledge • All topics are connected to each other • How to structure KM projects? WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  13. Practical approach Use the steps from quality management: Plan – Do – Check - Act cycle (PDCA) Acting follows each line, realising the trained processes WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  14. Knowledge Management in practice: Wiki Project „Landmine Detection Technologies“ in Khmer Language

  15. Wiki Project „Landmine Detection Technologies“ • Objective: Share the innovative knowledge about landmine detection technologies with people, who need this knowledge and experience to develop, build and test specialised detection methods (and finally use it) • Not only the metal detector, the prodder or the dog, but technologies from the edge of science (space research, information technologies…) – with higher confidence – should be used in combined devices, adapted to the individual environmental situation. • To make this happens we need educated, experienced people, from laity to the scientific staff! • Share knowledge with people in landmine affected areas WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  16. Topics • Collect reliable, scientific knowledge and experience on detection technologies • Develop networks, which will collect and share the knowledge • Develop and implement a simulation tool (software) to interpret and test various methods under different conditions before an expensive development of devices takes place WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  17. Wiki – Exchange Platform • MediaWiki is an Open Source Software (used in www.wikipedia.org) • Content Management System is open for authors • Usually for „spammers“ too • Quality management is necessary • Access management for registered users • On Top: Bureaucrat = can lock/unlock pages • Sysop = can unclose IP-numbers from being an author, follow the spamming sources • Authors: can contribute on open pages • In name spaces: Member related pages (internals) WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  18. Licensing – Basis of Trust • Free Usage of Open Source Documents, not crossing the rights of others • Free transfer of free knowledge: Just name of the author and the source • Information with a binding character: • Knowledge must be based on trustable sources. • Authors should be known and so you can send an email to the author. • Translations should be proofed by experts. • How to solve the conflict: Each expert should be able to add value, but a small organisation should control the access! • Requires more than one administrator in each country and a living network between them. • Requires strict rules how to handle misuse or routine questions. WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  19. Step “Plan”: Knowledge Base • Scientific methods and technologies • Detection methods (more than twenty different methods are known!) • Properties of mines, of materials and physical behaviour over the time (differs from country to country) • Relevant properties of environment: Soil, plant cover, animals, weather, climate,... • First Source: RAND • Experience of deminers, expert opinion: • Behaviour of detection equipment, main errors, etc. • Dependence of weather, light, season, moisture and long term weathering • Behaviour of demining staff, “human factor”, … • Networks • Expertise from organizations, governmental and non-governmental • Scientific expertise: universities, research & development, projects • Developers of different (electronic and non-electronic) devices • Deminers, Social staff, … WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  20. Have significant detection rate for mine type method A B Changes under conditions simulate environment simulation Require information about Step “Do.1”: Categorization • Categories help to organize the material and to structure it (Semantic net: innovative challenge) • Categories help to link the information entries • Methods • Mine types • Environment • Simulation • Experience • Network • Knowledge (as generic term) WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  21. Step “Do.2”: Processes The main Actors of the knowledge management system and their processes: • Authors (Scientists, Experts) • Public content: Methods, Mine types, Simulation methods • Develop the projects, step by step (vision: simulation tool, development of devices) • Translators • Translate from and into other languages • Proof the translation, have a discourse on new scientific terms • Net workers • Acquire partners and sponsors • Looking for more scientists • Looking for new methods • Coordinate with other organisations • Publish links between partners • Public Relations actors • Broadcasting of News and Events • Looking for sponsors and projects • Create presentations, publications, messages • Business / Administration • Secure the existence and the cooperation inside of the organisation • Manage the material and financial resources Task WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  22. Step “Do.3”: Training • Train two students from ITC as Mediawiki administrators • Implement Mediawiki software on a Linux / Apache / MySQL / PHP server • Have Maintenance routines (Data security, updates / upgrades, archives) • Fulfil the User rights management • Enable to support other users / authors • Set up a network for translation and a glossary – Roundtable on Education for Landmine Detection Technologies WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  23. Step “Check.1”: Challenges • Networking online und face-to-face • Adapted to situation and culture: In most cases a face-to-face situation help to solve many problems • Mass and Class – The Quality Question • Decision about quality criteria is needed, not to limit the contribution of experienced authors • Motivation • Conflicts due to competition on the market • International deminers could be afraid of decreasing budgets • Developers of devices for business: They might limit their contribution to an open source database (“knowledge for domination”) • Conflicts due to the resemblance to military sciences: They use the same methods, but with other objectives. WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  24. Step “Check.2”: Challenges • Financing of scientific or educational projects • Rotary International and Mine-Ex Rotary collect money for education • Science against mines give money for education and wiki serving • Help for helping yourself: Support of the development of regional landmine detection businesses WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  25. Step “Act”: Now it is your task • Help to develop Khmer wikipediahttp://km. Wikipedia.org • Which kind of knowledge you could contribute? Prepare an article! • Create a personal account • Learn, how to create and edit articles, upload common images and media • Link your article with others • Follow the interaction of other users-wikipedians • Continue again from beginning • Help to developKhmer Landmine Detection Technologies Wiki and disseminate it to a broad audience (Transfer) • Join theITC course about Detection Technologies (later) WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  26. Next lines: Your challenge ! • Transfer, development and usage of knowledge: • Get more knowledge about which kind of technologies is useful for landmine detection in your environmentand make your decision about what is worth to develop further • Work in networks • to solve complex problems, • to learn from the experience of others, • to help in your home area to make your country free of tragic incidents and to make it useable for farming and business, • to add and transfer your knowledge into other affected countries. • Have success and fun! WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

  27. Landmine Detection Technologies Wiki in Khmer language Thank you for your attention WgM.eV@gmx.net www.Wissen-gegen-Minen.de, www.wiki-gegen-minen.de, www.wiki-against-mines.org

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