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Greece

Greece. Geography of Greece. 80% of Greece is mountainous peninsula (surrounded by water on three sides) Pindus Mountains divide the country – Mount Olympus is the highest point About the size of Louisiana Seas – Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean Sea

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Greece

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  1. Greece

  2. Geography of Greece • 80% of Greece is mountainous peninsula (surrounded by water on three sides) • Pindus Mountains divide the country – Mount Olympus is the highest point • About the size of Louisiana • Seas – Aegean, Ionian, and Mediterranean Sea • 8,500 miles of coastline – allows Greeks to be seafarers (sailors) • No where on Greece mainland is more than 60 miles from water

  3. Minoans • On the island of Crete – Minoans weren’t Greek but they did have great influence on the Greeks • Trade economy – pottery, gold and silver jewelry - took what others did and made improvements to their goods • Elaborate buildings (some with drains) • Decline of Minoan – either a tidal wave from volcano or attacks from the Mycenaeans

  4. Geography of Greece

  5. Mycenae – The first Greek State • Flourished between 1600 b.c. and 1100 b.c. • On the Greek mainland • Part of the Indo-European group of people • Powerful monarchies • Warrior people – prided self on heroic deeds in battle – conquered other groups • Extensive commercial network

  6. Homer • Greek poet – Homer depicts historical accounts of Greek legend (some doubt Homers accounts) • According to Homer – Mycenaean Greeks, led by King Agamemnon, sacked the city of Troy

  7. Decline of Mycenae • Serious trouble by late 13th Century • Fighting among Mycenaen states • Major earthquake caused widespread damage • Invaders from the north • Mycenaean civilization collapsed by 1100 b.c.

  8. Greeks in the Dark Ages • After the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, Greece entered a difficult period in which the population declined and food production dropped. • This “Dark Age” was from 1100 b.c. to 750 b.c. • Why Dark Age: • 1) period of decline • 2) Not a lot of records kept during this time so very little is known about it

  9. Changes of the Dark Ages • Many Greeks left the mainland for the islands. • Others went to Asia Minor (Turkey) • Aeolian Greeks established settlements in north and central Greece • Dorians established settlements in southwestern Greece and some of the islands • As agriculture began to return, trade and economic activity also returned. • The move from bronze to iron helped speed up farm production • 8th century b.c., the Greeks adopt the Phoenician alphabet – giving them a new system of writing – The system only had 24 letters and vowels and made reading and writing simpler

  10. HOMER and the Iliad and the Odyssey • Epic poems – long poems that tell the deeds of a great hero • Both the Iliad and the Odyssey were stories passed from generation to generation • These poems, both hundreds of pages long, use the Trojan War as the background

  11. Greek Architecture • Greek life was dominated by religion and they honored their gods with beautiful temples. • These temples also had a political purpose as they were often built to celebrate civic power and pride, or offer thanksgiving to the patron deity (god or goddess) of a city for success in war.

  12. Greek Architecture Orders • There were three schools of design, or orders, in Greek architecture: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian

  13. Doric Order The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain. This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily.

  14. Ionic Order The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant. Its capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (a volute). This style was found in eastern Greece and the islands.

  15. Corinthian Order The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples. Its capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves.

  16. Greek Art • The arts of ancient Greece have exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries all over the world, particularly in the areas of sculpture.

  17. Examples • Bronze Sculpture, thought to be either Poseidon or Zeus, c. 460 BC, National Archaeological Museum, Athens. This masterpiece of classical sculpture was found by fishermen in their nets off the coast of Cape Artemisium in 1928. The figure is more than 2 m in height.[1]

  18. Black-figure olpe (wine vessel) by the Amasis Painter, depicting Herakles and Athena, c. 540 BC, Louvre.

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