Parts of Speech Review

1. Parts of Speech Review Pre-AP English 2

2. Nouns • A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea. • A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea. It begins with a capital letter. Examples: St. Louis, Margaret Mead, Chevrolet, Republican. • A common noun does not name a particular person, place, thing, or idea. Examples: city, woman, automobile, political party.

3. ***Frame Sentence*** • Most nouns fit into this frame sentence: (The) ________ is (are) important (unimportant, interesting, uninteresting).

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5. Pronouns • A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun. It may stand for a person, place, thing, or idea. • A pronoun usually takes the place of a previously mentioned noun or noun phrase known as an antecedent. • The pronoun and its antecedent may be in either the same sentence or separate, but usually adjacent, sentences.

6. Example • Dan said he will have the report done by Friday. • He is the pronoun. Dan is the antecedent.

7. Example • The students worked in the field for an entire semester. At the end of the school year, they presented their findings at a conference. • They is the pronoun. The students is the antecedent.

8. Why is the following passage somewhat unclear? • The study found that students succeed when they have clear directions, consistent and focused feedback, and access to help. This led administrators to create a tutoring center at our university.

9. Better said… • The study found that students succeed when they have clear directions, consistent and focused feedback, and access to help. The results of this study led administrators to create a tutoring center at our university.

10. I, me you he, him she, her it we, us they, them my, mine your, yours his her, hers its our, ours their, theirs Pronouns include…

11. who whom *which *that *what whose *this *these *that *those *all another *any anybody *both *each and these…*also used as adjectives

12. *either everybody everyone *few *many most *neither nobody no one *one other *several *some Somebody Someone such …and these.

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14. Adjectives • An adjective is a word used to modify a noun or a pronoun. • Most adjectives answer one of these questions: Which one? What kind of…? How many? What color (or size or shape, and so on)? • Adjectives usually precede the nouns they modify, but occasionally follow them: enough time, time enough. • The most common adjectives are the articles a, an, and the.

15. ***Frame Sentences*** • He told us about a/an ________ idea (person, animal, object). • The idea (person, animal, object) is very _______. • The _______ one seems very _______.

16. Examples • Jeff brought the pizza, golden and bubbly, to the table. • The day seemed endless. • You are wrong.

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18. Homework: Complete the exercise over nouns, pronouns and adjectives! GOOD LUCK!

19. Review!

20. Parts of Speech Review Day 2

21. Verbs • A verb is a word that expresses action OR helps to make a statement by expressing being or experiencing. • Helping verbs add meaning to a main verb, such as information about time, ability, or certainty.

22. ***Frame Sentence***for Action Verbs • We should _______ (it). NOTE: With some verbs, it is not used.

23. Am Is Was Were Be Being Been Are Often called “state-of-being” verbs. Appear Become Feel Grow Look Remain Seem Smell Sound Stay Taste Some can also be action words. Linking Verbs include…

24. ***Frame Sentence***for Linking Verbs • It should ________ good (terrible, fine).

25. Which sentence evokes a clearer image? • The team captain was absolutely ecstatic. OR • Grinning broadly, the team captain shot both her arms into the air.

26. Action or Linking? • Look at the map, and tell me what town we are approaching. • ACTION – look, tell, are approaching • This could be clearer; it does not show the new expressway. • LINKING – could be • ACTION – does show

27. Action or Linking? • A climate map looks different from a political map, but it is not as interesting to me. • LINKING – looks, is • Along the coast the deposits of a river may build a delta, which forms at the mouth of the river. • ACTION – may build, forms

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29. Adverbs • An adverb is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. • They provide information about time, manner, place, and frequency, thus answering one of these questions: When? How? Where? How often? How much? To what extent?

30. ***Frame Sentence*** • They _____________ moved (danced, walked) across the room. • She/He thinks ______. • She/He __________ thinks fast.

31. What do the adverbs add to the following sentences? • The scientist delicately places the slide under the microscope. • “You’re late,” he scolded vehemently. • She is wistfully hopeful.

32. Examples • Rita measured the chemicals carefully. • We will leave early. • I have been there. • We went far.

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34. Conjunctions • A conjunction is a word that joins words and groups of words. • The three kinds of conjunctions are coordinating, subordinating, and correlative. • When the words join words or groups of words, they are conjunctions.

35. Coordinating Conjunctions“FAN BOYS” • For • And • Nor • But • Or • Yet • So

36. After Although As As if As long as As though Because Before Even if Even though Except If In order that Once Since So that Than Though Unless Until When Whenever Where Wherever Whether While Subordinating Conjunctions

37. Correlative Conjunctions • Either…or • Neither…nor • Both…and • Not only…but (also) • Whether…or • NOTE: These conjunctions are always used in pairs!

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39. Homework: Complete the exercise over verbs, adverbs and conjunctions! GOOD LUCK!

40. Parts of Speech Review Day 3

41. Prepositions • A preposition is a word used to show the relation of a noun or pronoun that follows it to some other word in the sentence. • Prepositions set up relationships between words. • A preposition combines with a pronoun, noun, or noun phrase to create a prepositional phrase which functions as an adjective or adverb.

42. About Above Across After Against Along Among Around At Before Behind Below Beneath Beside Besides Between Beyond But (meaning except) By “Anywhere a mouse can go…” • Concerning • Down • Due to • During • Except • For • From • In • Into • In spite of

43. Instead of Like Of Off On Over Past Since Through Throughout To Toward Under Underneath Until Up Upon With Within Without “Anywhere a mouse can go…” and Phrasal Prepositions • According to • As for • Because of • Due to • Except for • In addition to • In spite of • Instead of • With regard to

44. Prepositional Phrases • A phrase is a group of words used as a single part of speech and NOT containing a subject and its verb. • A prepositional phrase used as an adjective is an adjective phrase. • A prepositional phrase used as an adverb is an adverb phrase.

45. Adjective Phrases • Remember: Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns. • Our struggle against nature is unending. • The guard at the entrance let us in. • At the end of the day everyone was tired.

46. Adverb Phrases • Remember: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. • Please call in the morning. • We spent the afternoon at the museum. • Broken china can be mended with glue.

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48. And finally, Interjections! • Interjections are expressions of surprise or strong feeling. • They are most commonly used before a sentence or at the beginning of a sentence to indicate surprise, dread, or some other strong emotion. • They are generally followed by an exclamation point or a comma.

49. Examples • Wow! Your design is astounding. • Oh no, you can’t be telling the truth.

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