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This presentation discusses the effect of delta wakes and bunch wakes on particles in tracking programs, such as Placet and Merlin. The goal is to validate existing formulas, obtain interpolation tables, and handle non-Gaussian bunches. The simulation approach involves convolving delta wakes with Gaussian bunch shapes and using Fourier transforms. The results are compared with analytic formulas and show qualitative agreement. Future steps include improving the filter, comparing simulations and formulas, and applying the findings to non-axial collimators.
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From Bunch Wakes to Delta Wakes Adriana Bungau / Roger Barlow COLSIM meeting CERN, 1st March 2007
The question • Tracking Programs (Placet, Merlin…) need Delta Wakes: the effect on one particle of a preceding particle • EM codes (GDFIDL, ECHO…) give Bunch Wakes: the effect on one particle of the preceding part of the (Gaussian) bunch • To get bunch wakes from delta wakes, just integrate • How do you get delta wakes from bunch wakes?
Why do we want to know? To handle non-Gaussian bunches • validate the formulae in the literature, with their different regions of validity • obtain numerical interpolation tables for delta wakes of collimator shapes with no formula in the literature
How not to do it Simulate point charge delta function as Gaussian bunch with very very small Why not? Because EM simulations need cell size << And computation time (cell size)-2 – at least
Alternative approach Bunch wake is convolution of delta wake with Gaussian bunch shape FT of convolution is product of FTs • Fourier Transform Bunch wake • Divide by FT of Gaussian (also Gaussian) • Transform back to time domain
Example • Take beam pipe radius 19 mm • Taper in to 2 mm over 50 mm • Taper out again Not to scale!
Analytic answer Wm(s)=2(1/1.9 2m-1./0.22m)e-ms/0.2(s) Zotter & Kheifets and elsewhere Modal decomposition
Bunch wake simulation • Simulated using Echo-2D (Igor Zagorodnov) • Gaussian beam, =0.1 cm • Need to follow for ~200 mesh points, not the default 52
Fourier Deconvolution Wbunch(s,m)=Wdelta(s,m)Gaussian Take FT of ECHO result (here mode=1) and FT of Gaussian (red and blue are sine and cosine parts) Divide to obtain FT of delta wake Back-transform.Horrible! (Look at y axis scale) But mathematically correct: combined with Gaussian reproduces original Due to noise in spectra at high frequency. Well known problem
Apply simple inverse filter FTdw(k)=FTbw(k)/FTg(k) Cap factor |1./FTg(k)| at some value =100 seems reasonable Lower values lose structure Higher values gain noise
Reconstructed delta wakes Compare with analytic formula: qualitative agreement on increase in size and decrease in width for higher modes Overall scale factor not understood yet Positive excursions not reproduced by formula ‘At least one of them is wrong’
EM simulation: different bunches Bunch wakes for different Gaussian beams: =0.1 cm =0.2 cm =0.05 cm Oscillation in green curve (s=0.05cm) due to ECHO2D grid size 0.01 cm
Delta wakes: Consistency check Give the same delta wakes Use FT to extract delta wakes from the different bunch wakes Agreement reasonable: method validated Green oscillation artefact of ECHO2D, not of Fourier extraction
Next steps • Use more sophisticated filter, incorporating causality (W(s)=0 for s<0) • Compare simulations and formulae and establish conditions for validity • Use Delta wakes extracted from simulations in Merlin/Placet through numerical tables, for collimators where analytical formulae not known • Extend to non-axial collimators.
