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2. WHAT IS HIP HOP? • Definition: the stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rap; also:  rap together with this music • Hip hop is a subculture and art movement developed by African-Americans[1] and Latinos[2] from the South Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s. • It is a culture and a way of life: the set of values, conventions, or social practices associated with a particular field, activity, or societal characteristic

3. History of Hip Hop: 1970’s • Birth of Hip-Hop • On August 11, 1973 DJ Kool Herc, a building resident, was entertaining at his sister’s back-to-school party, and tried something new on the turntable: • He extended an instrumental beat (breaking or scratching) to let people dance longer (break dancing) and began MC’ing (rapping) during the extended breakdancing.

4. History of Hip Hop: 1970’s •  DJ Kool Herc, a Jamaican, who introduced the rhythms from Salsa (music), as well as Afro conga and bongo drums, as well as many who emulated the sounds of Tito Puente and Willie Colón. • These youths mixed these influences with existing musical styles associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s, from jazz to funk.

5. History of Hip-Hop: 1970’s • A member of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, has been credited with coining the term[25] in 1978 while teasing a friend who had just joined the US Army by scat singing the made-up words "hip/hop/hip/hop" in a way that mimicked the rhythmic cadence of marching soldiers. Cowboy later worked the "hip hop" cadence into his stage performance.[26][27] The group frequently performed with disco artists who would refer to this new type of music by calling them "hip hoppers". The name was originally meant as a sign of disrespect, but soon came to identify this new music and culture. • The song "Rapper's Delight", by The Sugarhill Gang, released in 1979, begins with the phrase "I said a hip, hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop, and you don't stop"

7. Who are the pioneers of Hip-Hop? • African Bambaataa and the Zulu Nation • Dj Kool Herc • Grand Master Flash and the Furious Five • Fab 5 Freddy • Sugarhill Gang • Jazzy Jay • Kurtis Blow • Cool Crush Brothers • Melle Mel • Jam Master Jay • Boogie Down Productions • Run DMC • Funkmaster Flex

8. History of Hip-Hop: 1980’s • Hip hop as a culture was further defined in 1982 • Encompassing graffiti art, MCing/rapping, DJing and b-boying, hip hop became the dominant cultural movement of the minority-populated urban communities in the 1980s. • During the 1980s, hip hop also embraced the creation of rhythm by using the human body, via the vocal percussion technique of beatboxing. • Pioneers such as Doug E. Fresh,[58] Biz Markie and Buffy from the Fat Boys made beats, rhythm, and musical sounds using their mouth, lips, tongue, voice, and other body parts. "Human Beatbox" artists would also sing or imitate turntablism scratching or other instrument sounds.

9. History of Hip Hop: 1980’S • The appearance of music videos changed entertainment: they often glorified urban neighborhoods. • Novelty and fad dances such as the Roger Rabbit, the Cabbage Patch, and the Worm appeared in the 1980s. • These dances are defined as social dance: Social dance is that category of dances that have a social function and context.[1] Social dances are generally intended for participation rather than performance and can be led and followed with relative ease.[2] • They are often danced merely to socialize and for entertainment, though they may have ceremonial, competitive and erotic functions.

10. Flavor Flav Born William Jonathan Drayton Jr. in Roosevelt, Long Island, New York, on March 16, 1959, Flavor Flav is an American hip-hop artist known for his work with Public Enemy—also including Chuck D, Norman Rogers (Terminator X) and Richard Griffin (Professor Griff)—and for his work on several reality-television series, including The Surreal Life, Strange Love and Flavor of Love, airing on VH1.

11. West Coast Hip Hop • The West Coast hip-hop scene started in earnest in 1978 with the founding of Unique Entertainment. • In the same period, the Compton-based former locking dancer Alonzo Williams formed World Class Wreckin' Cru, which included future N.W.A members Dr. Dre and DJ Yella. • In 1988, N.W.A's landmark album Straight Outta Compton was released.[3] Focusing on life and adversities in Compton, California, a notoriously rough area which had gained a reputation for gang violence, it was released by group member Eazy-E's record label Ruthless Records.

12. Dr. Dre • Gangsta rap pioneer Dr. Dre was born on February 18, 1965. A music fan from the start, Dre started working as a DJ in his teens. His first major success came with the rap group N.W.A. and he later co-founded Death Row Records in 1991. In 1992, his first solo album The Chronic became a huge hit. Dre started up Aftermath Entertainment in 1996 and signed Eminem and 50 Cent to his label. He eventually co-founded the company Beats Electronics with Jimmy Iovine.

13. Southern Hip Hop • Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the American hip hop music market was primarily dominated by artists from the East Coast and West Coast.  • Los Angeles and New York City were the two main cities where hip hop was receiving widespread attention. • Houston became the center for Southern hip hop. Miami also played a major role in the rise of  2 Live Crew  • In the late 1980s, other rising rap groups such as UGK from Port Arthur, Texas, and 8Ball & MJG from Memphis, moved to Houston to further their musical careers. • By the 1990s, Atlanta had become a controlling city in southern hip hop music. Hip hop groups such as OutKast. • By the early to mid-2000s, artists from all over the South had begun to develop mainstream popularity with artists like T.I., Ludacris, Lil Jon, Young Jeezy from Atlanta, Trick Daddy and Rick Ross from Miami, Lil Wayne and Juvenile from New Orleans, and Three 6 Mafia from Memphis all becoming major label stars during this time.

14. History of Hip Hop: 1990’s • Hip-hop social dancing (party dancing) began when hip-hop musical artists started to release songs with an accompanying dance. • Most social dances are short-lived fad dances, some are line dances, and others spawn new dance styles that stay relevant even after the life of the songs they came from come to an end. • The development of hip-hop social dancing extends further back than the 1990s with the Charleston, a jazz dance. • Parallel with the evolution of hip-hop music, hip-hop social dancing emerged from breaking and the funk styles into different forms.

15. History of Hip Hop: 1990’s • Dances from the 1990s such as: • the Running Man • the Worm • the Cabbage Patch • The Hammer dance • The Ree’bok • The Kid n’ Play • The Butterfly • The sprinkler • Voguing • Macerena • The smurf • Tootsie Roll • They entered the mainstream and became fad dances.

16. Tupac Shakur Born in New York City in 1971, Tupac Shakur, known by his stage name 2Pac, was an American rapper. Shakur has sold more than 75 million albums worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. Most of Tupac's songs are about growing up amid violence and hardship in ghettos, racism, other social problems and conflicts with other rappers during the East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry. Shakur was shot and killed in Las Vegas, Nevada, in 1996.

17. Sean Puffy Combs (P Diddy) Born in Harlem, New York, on November 4, 1969, Sean Combs launched his music production company, Bad Boy Entertainment, in 1993, and worked with artists like Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige and Biggie Smalls. After Biggie was murdered in 1997, Combs recorded the tribute "I'll be Missing You," which topped the Billboard singles chart for eleven weeks and launched Combs's first album, No Way Out (1997) to platinum status.

18. History of Hip Hop: 2000’s According to the U.S. Department of State, hip hop is "now the center of a mega music and fashion industry around the world" that crosses social barriers and cuts across racial lines. In the early- to-mid 1980s, there was no established hip hop music industry, as exists in the 2010s The push toward materialism and market success by contemporary rappers such as Rick Ross, Lil Wayne and Jay Z has irked older hip hop fans and artists. The commercialization of the genre stripped it of its earlier political nature and the politics and marketing plans of major record labels have forced rappers to craft their music and images to appeal to white, affluent and suburban audiences.

19. Lil Wayne • Born on September 27, 1982, in New Orleans, Louisiana, Lil Wayne worked with hip-hop group the Hot Boys before forging a solo career with albums Tha Carter and its hit follow ups II, III and IV. He won four Grammy Awards in 2009 for singles like "A Milli" and "Lollipop," and has worked with artists ranging from Robin Thicke to Nicki Minaj. He was jailed in 2010 for weapon's possession. *To Continue Press Home*

20. The components of Hip-Hop •  DJ Afrika Bambaataa of the hip hop collective Zulu Nation outlined the pillars of hip hop culture, coining the terms: "rapping" (also called MCing or emceeing), a rhythmic vocal rhyming style (orality); DJing (and turntablism), which is making music with record players and DJ mixers (aural/sound and music creation); b-boying/b-girling/breakdancing (movement/dance); and graffiti art, which he called "aerosol writin'" (visual art). beatboxing, a percussive vocal style • Once hip-hop activist and DJ, Afrika Bambaataa, used the word "hip-hop" in a magazine interview in 1982, "hip-hop dance" became an umbrella term encompassing all of these styles.[17]

21. The Pillars of Hip-Hop • There are four pillars of Hip Hop: DJ’ing Dance Graffiti MC’ing

22. 1. MC’ing/Emceeing: Rapping • Dj Kool Herc created the blueprint for hip hop music and culture by building upon the Jamaican tradition of impromptu toasting, a spoken type of boastful poetry and speech over music. • Emceeing is the rhythmic spoken delivery of rhymes and wordplay, delivered at first without accompaniment and later done over a beat. • This spoken style was influenced by the African American style of "capping", a performance where men tried to outdo each other in originality of their language and tried to gain the favor of the listeners.[ MC’ing

23. 1. Famous Hip-Hop Songs • Sugarhill Gang- “Rapper’s Delight” • Kurtis Blow- “The Breaks” • Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force- “Planet Rock” • Grandmaster Flash- “The Message” MC’ing

24. 2. What is Hip Hop dance? • Hip-hop dance is not a studio-derived style. • Street dancers developed it in urban neighborhoods without a formal process. • All of the early substyles and social dances were brought about through a combination of events including inspiration from: • James Brown, • DJ Kool Herc's invention of the break beat, • the formation of dance crews, • Don Cornelius' creation of the television show Soul Train.

25. 2. What is Hip-Hop dance? • Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. It includes a wide range of styles primarily breaking, locking, and popping which were created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States. • The four traditional dances of hip hop are breaking, b-boying/b-girling, locking and popping, all of which trace their origins to the late 1960s or early 1970s.

26. 2. Breaking • Breaking was created in the South Bronx, New York City during the early 1970s.[3] It is the first hip-hop dance style. • African Americans created breaking,[27][28] Puerto Ricans maintained its growth and development when it was considered a fad in the late 1970s. • Traditionally, breakers dance within a cypher or an Apache Line. A cypher is a circular shaped dance space formed by spectators that breakers use to perform or battle in.[12][32]

27. 2. B-Boys and B-Girls • Cyphers work well for one-on-one b-boy or b-girl (break-boy/break-girl) battles • However, Apache Lines are more appropriate when the battle is between two crews—teams of street dancers. • In contrast to the circular shape of a cypher, competing crews can face each other in this line formation

28. 2. Locking • Locking, originally called Campbellocking, was created in 1969 in Los Angeles, California by Don "Campbellock" Campbell and popularized by his crew The Lockers.[ • Locking looks similar to popping, and the two are frequently confused by the casual observer. In locking, dancers hold their positions longer. The lock is the primary move used in locking.

29. 2. Locking Cont. • It is "similar to a freeze or a sudden pause."[44] A locker's dancing is characterized by frequently locking in place and after a brief freeze moving again.[14] • According to Dance Spirit magazine, a dancer cannot perform both locking and popping simultaneously • Thus, it is incorrect to call locking "pop-locking"

30. 2. Popping • Popping was created in Fresno, California in the 1970s and popularized by Samuel "Boogaloo Sam" Solomon and his crew the Electric Boogaloos.[14] • It is based on the technique of quickly contracting and relaxing muscles to cause a jerk in a dancer's body, referred to as a pop or a hit.  • While popping as an umbrella term is widely used by hip-hop dancers and in competitive hip-hop dancing, Timothy "Popin' Pete" Solomon of the Electric Boogaloos disagrees with the use of the word "popping" in this way.

31. 3. DJ’ing DJing and turntablism are the techniques of manipulating sounds and creating music and beats using two or more phonograph turntables (or other sound sources, such as tapes, CDs or digital audio files) and a DJ mixer that is plugged into a PA system. One of the first few hip hop DJs was Kool DJ Herc, who created hip hop in the 1970s through the isolation and extending of "breaks“ DJ’ing

32. 3. DJ’ing • Traditionally, a DJ will use two turntables simultaneously and mix between the two. These are connected to a DJ mixer, an amplifier, speakers, and various electronic music equipment such as a microphone and effects units. • The result of mixing two records is a unique sound created by the seemingly combined sound of two separate songs into one song. • In the early years of hip hop, the DJs were the stars, as they created new music and beats with their record players. • While DJing and turntablism continue to be used in hip hop music in the 2010s, the star role has increasingly been taken by MCs since the late 1970s, due to innovative, creative MCs such as Kurtis Blow and Melle Mel of Grandmaster Flash's crew, the Furious Five, who developed strong rapping skills.  DJ’ing

33. 4. Graffiti: Street Art • Definition: they are writing or drawings that have been scribbled, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall or other surface, often within public view. • Graffiti is the most controversial of hip hop's elements, as a number of the most notable graffiti pioneers say that they do not consider graffiti to be an element of hip hop. • In America in the late 1960s, graffiti was used as a form of expression by political activists. Gangs such as used graffiti to mark territory.  Graffiti

34. 3. Graffiti: Street Art • One of the most common forms of graffiti is tagging, or the act of stylizing your unique name or logo.[107] • Tagging began in Philadelphia and New York City and has expanded worldwide. • Although, tagging is considered as vandalism by law enforcement, it is hip hop's visual art and the tags are part of a complex symbol system with its own social codes and subculture rules. • The relationship between graffiti and hip hop culture arises both from early graffiti artists engaging in other aspects of hip hop culture,[110] Graffiti is understood as a visual expression of rap music, just as breaking is viewed as a physical expression.