1 / 41

Modern Evolutionary Classification Systems in Biology

Explore the use of modern classification systems to infer evolutionary relationships in biology, focusing on the criteria used by scientists such as structural similarities, biochemical analysis, and embryology. Learn about the history of classification, problems with grouping organisms based solely on physical characteristics, and the development of phylogenic trees. Engage in hands-on activities like organizing organisms by evolutionary time period and creating a cladogram. Enhance your understanding of how organisms are classified based on common ancestors and shared characteristics.

cguzman
Download Presentation

Modern Evolutionary Classification Systems in Biology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Friday May 12, 2017 • I can: • use modern classification systems to infer evolutionary relationships Agenda (10) Catalyst (10) Classification Inquiry (15) GN: Classification (35) Cladogram Lab (10) IP: Classification (5) Exit Ticket • Catalyst • Give an example of a virus. • Can antibiotics be used to treat viral infections? • You get a disease and your body recognizes the virus the next time you are infected. What kind of immunity is this? • You are immune from a disease b/c you were breastfed. What kind of immunity do you have? • *Turn in Catalyst Sheet & Unit 5 Packet* HW: None

  2. Categorizing Organisms Part 1: Discuss with your group how you could group the organisms on your desk into 3 groups.

  3. Categorizing Organisms Part 2: Now discuss with your group how you would organize these organisms according to when in time they evolved.

  4. Because of evolution there is great diversity of life!

  5. Scientists need to organize over 2 millionorganisms!

  6. Scientists need to organize over 2 millionorganisms!

  7. Classification Classification: grouping organisms based on common ancestors and characteristics.

  8. History of Classification

  9. But is everything a plant or an animal? 1. Aristotle classified organisms as either plants (plantae) or animals (animalia)

  10. 2. Carolus Linneaus developed the hierarchical system, which classifies in levels based on physical similarities

  11. most general King Phillip came over for good most specific spaghetti

  12. Write on your board: Which is the level more specific than genus?

  13. Write on your board: Which is the next level that is more general than family?

  14. Write on your board: Which levels are more specific than order?

  15. Write on your board: Which is the most general level?

  16. Write on your board: Which levels are more specific than family?

  17. Carolus Linneas also developed the system of binomial nomenclature = naming organisms with two names. The scientific name of an organism always consists of its genus name and its species name. Genus: Second most specific level Most specific level Species: Homo sapiens Genusspecies

  18. What genus does this organism belong to? What species? Canis familiaris dog

  19. What genus does this organism belong to? What species? Felis domesticus cat

  20. Problems with Classification What kinds of problems could scientists run into if they were just grouping organisms by similar physical characteristics?

  21. Problems with Classification What kinds of problems could scientists run into if they were just grouping organisms by similar physical characteristics? Turn and Talk

  22. Modern Classification Biologists now group organisms according to their evolutionary relationships

  23. Scientists use the following criteria to classify organisms: • Structural similarities: similar fossils or anatomy • Biochemical analysis: DNA, proteins and amino acids (still the best) • Embryology: similar embryos

  24. Phylogenic trees show when in time traits developed You can use them to: 1. Find which organisms are most primitive. 2. Find which organisms are most closely related

  25. Phylogenic trees show when in time traits developed You can use them to: 1. Find which organisms are most primitive. 2. Find which organisms are most closely related

  26. Primitive = old, simple The most primitive species are at the bottom (left) The most recent species are at the top (right) Primitive:

  27. Most primitive Most recent

  28. Common Ancestry Each branch point represents the common ancestor of two species.

  29. Organisms have the traits that come before them ex. everything after the Perch has lungs ex. What characteristic does the salamander have that the perch lacks? Species are closely related if they branch off close together

  30. Think: In the cladogram, what species is most primitive? In the cladogram, what species is least primitive? What traits does the lizard have? What traits does the salamander have? What is the chimp most closely related to? Is the lizard more closely related to the salamander or the perch?

  31. How to Make a Cladagram

  32. Candy Cladogram • Stay with your table ONLY • Check your answers with me BEFORE you eat any candy • Save bags – do not throw out! • Paper due at end of class • Work on Phylogenetic Trees Classwork & Exit Ticket when complete

More Related